不同温度和应变速率下7022铝合金流变应力行为

通过在293-773 K的温度范围内和应变速率为0.001-0.1 s-1下对7022铝合金薄板进行温拉伸试验,研究了7022铝合金温拉伸性能,以及该合金在升温条件下流变应力与变形温度和应变速率之间的关系.并利用改进了的Hooke law和Grosman方程建立了7022铝合金在温拉伸时应力-应变本构模型.研究结果表明:7022铝合金的流变应力随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的升高而升高;温拉伸试样的延伸率随变形温度的升高而升高,随应变速率的增大而减小.     

SAR/INS组合导航中基于SURF的鲁棒景象匹配算法

在SAR/INS组合导航系统中,由于合成孔径雷达采用正侧视成像工作方式,会引起SAR图像的严重变形,而且获取的SAR图像还可能存在严重的斑点噪声。为了适应SAR图像的几何畸变和高斑点噪声影响,需要提取出的图像特征具有较高的鲁棒性。本文提出了基于SURF的导航用鲁棒景象匹配算法,算法首先针对惯性组合导航的工作特点,对SURF特征匹配进行了改进和优化设计,然后用RANSAC方法过滤掉错误和低精度的匹配点,最后,进行最小二乘精确匹配获取航向和位置偏差信息。通过仿真分析了算法对SAR图像的适应性、抗斑点噪声性能,匹配精度以及实时性,并与基于SIFT特征的景象匹配算法进行了对比。仿真结果表明,所提出算法性能优越,在匹配适应性、鲁棒性、匹配精度及匹配速度方面都优于SIFT算法,可以满足SAR/INS组合导航系统图像匹配修正的高性能要求。     

基于欧拉方法的旋翼翼型结冰数值模拟及参数影响研究

从研究二维翼型结冰问题入手,基于水滴流场的概念,采用基于气液两相流的欧拉方法求解水滴流场,得到水滴收集特性,再结合热力学模型数值模拟旋翼翼型结冰过程.通过计算结果和冰风洞试验数据的比较,验证了该方法正确有效.同时研究了气象参数对结冰的影响.基于本文建立的方法,计算分析了飞行速度、平均水滴直径、水滴浓度、温度等不同参数对水滴收集效率、冰型、结冰量、结冰范围的影响,深入地探讨了翼型结冰机理和结冰形成条件,得出气象参数影响特征.     

高拱坝失效模式与失效概率

为克服高拱坝确定性安全评价中不考虑随机性、不进行风险分析的弊端,提出研究超静定结构高拱坝的失效模式、利用失效概率与失效风险值对高拱坝进行风险评价。在分析洪水、地震和材料老化等造成高拱坝失效原因的基础上,利用故障树分析法探索出高拱坝具有失稳溃坝、剪滑垮坝、超量开裂以及人为毁坝等4种主要失效模式;从产生载荷参数随机数、获取随机变量的分布规律和建立失效模式的状态函数等方面研究了高拱坝单个失效模式与系统失效概率的计算方法。计算了某高拱坝剪滑失效模式的失效概率。     

DLC涂层硬质合金微钻的制备及其切削性能

在硬质合金微型刀具加工高硅铝合金等难加工材料时,通过采用改进的热丝CVD装置开展了DLC涂层硬质合金微钻制备工艺优化,得到了最优沉积工艺,并配合高速加工高硅铝合金(Si15%)材料微小孔钻削性能对比试验,分析了刀具的磨损机理.结果表明:两步预处理方法适合复杂形状硬质合金衬底的预处理方法.钻削高硅铝合金时,DLC涂层具有低摩擦系数和高耐磨损特性,同等切削条件下,涂层微钻的切削寿命比未涂层硬质合金微钻提高了10倍.     

微型飞行器低雷诺数流场显示试验研究

在南航非定常风洞内,对一盘状微型飞行器的气动特性进行了测力和流场显示实验,给出了不同迎角下微型飞行器的空间流场显示结果.研究表明:随着迎角的增加,在机翼上表面开始形成前缘分离涡,并且前缘涡的尺度和强度不断增加.迎角继续增大,前缘涡首先在后缘开始破裂,并不断前移,最终导致微型飞行器的失速.模型上前缘分离涡的形成、发展和破裂是导致盘状微型飞行器气动力特性产生变化的根本原因.     

旋翼洗流影响直升机红外辐射的计算分析

针对在旋翼洗流作用下,高速、高温的发动机喷流对直升机的红外辐射特性有着相当大影响的问题,提出了一种计算分析方法。该方法首先利用自由尾流技术对旋翼下洗流场进行计算;在此基础上,将旋翼洗流视为一种横流干扰,以计算得出的洗流速度为边界条件,进行了发动机热喷流模拟;然后,计算了喷流截面的温度涡线分布,并以此确定了旋翼洗流影响下的机体温度分布;最后,计算和分析了旋翼洗流对直升机红外辐射强度的影响。对某型直升机计算分析表明,该方法稳定可靠,结果符合实际情况,适于工程分析和预估。该方法还可用于直升机机体温度场的工程求解。     

Design of a Non-cooperative Target Capture Mechanism

A passive compliant non-cooperative target capture mechanism is designed to maintain the non-cooperative target on-orbit. When the relative position between capture mechanism and satellite is confirmed,a pair of four-bar linkages lock the docking ring,which is used for connecting the satellite and the rocket. The mathematical model of capture mechanism and capture space is built by the Denavit-Hartenberg(D-H)method,and the torque of each joint is analyzed by the Lagrange dynamic equation. Besides,the capture condition and the torque of every joint under different capture conditions are analyzed by simulation in MSC. Adams. The results indicate that the mechanism can capture the non-cooperative target satellite in a wide range. During the process of capture,the passive compliant mechanism at the bottom can increase capture space,thereby reducing the difficulty and enhance stability of the capture.     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

硅橡胶基防热涂层动态烧蚀行为及机理研究

针对两种典型硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温燃气流烧蚀实验，通过对烧蚀后涂层的宏观及微观形貌分析，探讨了其防隔热机理及烧蚀模型。研究结果表明：烧蚀后两种涂层均存在液态层、陶瓷层、热解层以及原始层；烧蚀过程中甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层主要发生主链“回咬”成环反应，导致树脂基体交联密度降低，力学性能下降，涂层外表面发生开裂，甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层则主要发生侧基交联反应，使树脂基体交联密度上升，促进涂层发生陶瓷化转变；热辐射、热容吸热、热解反应吸热以及热阻塞效应为四种主要的热耗散机制，质量损失产生的原因主要包括反应气体释放以及气动剪切力导致的机械剥蚀。