高速平板诱导轮的结构设计与分析

诱导轮是液体火箭发动机（LPRE）中重要的组成部分,它能有效地提高主泵的抽吸性能。首先介绍了LPRE诱导轮的几种典型结构型式,然后阐述了LPRE诱导轮的基本概念和设计原理,进一步推荐和分析了高速平板诱导轮几个重要结构参数的设计准则,最后按照设计方法设计了用于某液体火箭发动机的一台高速诱导轮,CFD计算表明它具有较好的扬程性能和抗汽蚀特性。     

数字信道化内插结构的一种推导方法

介绍了数字信道化内插结构的一种简便推导方法,该方法直接从第k个信道的内插结构开始推导。采用该方法推导了数字信道化的一种典型内插结构。对推导出的内插结构进行了Matlab仿真,验证了该方法的正确性。     

用于荧光细胞观察的制冷CCD成像系统

细胞成像技术是研究细胞运动、分裂和凋亡的必要手段,所以荧光条件下的细胞成像技术显得尤为重要。为满足荧光细胞观察对微弱光信号的检测和成像的要求,文章通过结构和电路设计,研制了一种用于荧光细胞观察的制冷CCD成像系统。通过分析各组件的技术特点,设计了高效制冷结构,提高了细胞荧光观察输出图像质量。     

20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射试验研究

离子推力器工作时会产生对外电磁辐射,因此离子电推进应用于航天器时存在电磁兼容性问题。为初步了解离子推力器工作产生的电磁辐射特性,利用经改造后的地面专用试验系统进行了20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射测试试验。文章介绍了20 cm离子推力器电磁辐射的试验方案,采用两种形式进行:推力器电场辐射发射试验,测试频段为10 kHz～5 GHz;推力器瞬态电场辐射发射试验,测试频段为100 kHz～5 GHz。试验结果表明:在离子电推进稳态工作过程和几个瞬态工况点,未发生电磁干扰现象。     

方位向非均匀采样对多通道天线星载SAR成像性能的影响

方位向周期性非均匀采样是多通道天线星载SAR系统设计时需要考虑的一个重要因素。针对多通道天线星载SAR系统中存在的方位向周期性非均匀采样对成像性能的影响进行了分析。在建立多通道天线星载SAR回波信号模型的基础上,根据成对回波理论和匹配滤波原理推导了由方位向周期性非均匀采样所造成的虚假目标位置与强度的计算公式,并结合成像处理过程分析了二维成像处理算法对虚假目标的影响,给出了二维成像处理后所得到的虚假目标强度计算公式。最后,通过计算机仿真验证推导与分析的正确性。     

C/C复合材料表面烧蚀细观形貌损伤分析

基于C/C复合材料烧蚀表面细观形貌和细观结构上的流场分布规律研究,着重分析了微裂纹尺寸对C/C复合材料中Z向纤维和基体界面上因变温引起的开裂损伤的影响,给出了微裂纹随温度变化的扩展规律及微裂纹特征尺寸随温度变化的表达式;提出了在高温下因变温而造成的损伤模型,为C/C复合材料结构烧蚀计算提供了一种基础性理论。研究结果表明,高温下变温会引起C/C复合材料力学性能的劣化。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

硅橡胶基防热涂层动态烧蚀行为及机理研究

针对两种典型硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温燃气流烧蚀实验，通过对烧蚀后涂层的宏观及微观形貌分析，探讨了其防隔热机理及烧蚀模型。研究结果表明：烧蚀后两种涂层均存在液态层、陶瓷层、热解层以及原始层；烧蚀过程中甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层主要发生主链“回咬”成环反应，导致树脂基体交联密度降低，力学性能下降，涂层外表面发生开裂，甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层则主要发生侧基交联反应，使树脂基体交联密度上升，促进涂层发生陶瓷化转变；热辐射、热容吸热、热解反应吸热以及热阻塞效应为四种主要的热耗散机制，质量损失产生的原因主要包括反应气体释放以及气动剪切力导致的机械剥蚀。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.