先进复合材料在未来飞行器中的应用

复合材料在飞行器结构中的用量已经成为航空航天结构的先进性标志之一,其优越的综合性能非常适应未来飞行器的发展趋势.文章概述了先进复合材料在航空航天结构应用中的主要发展历程,结合未来飞行器的发展趋势,预测了先进复合材料在未来飞行器运用中可能带来的新挑战新机遇.     

基于混合人工鱼群算法的结构有限元模型修正

将模拟退火算法(SAA)与具有交叉和高斯变异的人工鱼群算法(AFSA)相结合,提出了一种基于混合人工鱼群算法(HAFSA)的结构有限元模型修正方法;针对外编有限元模型修正程序直接嵌入Patran/Nas-tran软件存在困难的情况,设计了一种灵巧且方便的接口模块。以试验模型测试数据与有限元模型计算值的向量残差建立目标函数,在基本AFSA中引入交叉和高斯变异算子用于加快全局优化搜索速度,将目标函数优化值不断刷新公告板,再利用SAA进行局部细化搜索从而显著提高优化解的精度,在满足算法终止条件后获得设计参数的最优值;结合Fortran语言和Visual Basic语言编译接口模块,运行模型修正程序时循环修改Patran软件生成的建模文件并反复调用Nastran软件进行求解。以欧洲航空研究科技组织的基准模型——GARTEUR飞机模型为例,修正结果表明,应用HAFSA进行结构有限元模型修正是可行且有效的。     

飞行器气动-隐身综合性能评估的灰关联度分析模型

 采用结构化网格和求解Navier-Stokes方程的方法,进行了无人机和巡航导弹气动性能计算,并数值模拟了其气动流场,所得结果与工程实际现象吻合;分别建立了无人机和巡航导弹的曲面及面劈模型,根据GRECO-WM方法,计算了其表面全向雷达散射截面(RCS)值;基于灰色系统的灰关联度分析理论,提出了气动-隐身综合性能的量化评判模型,并对2种无人机和3种巡航导弹的综合性能进行了评价,得到了对工程设计具有参考价值的结论。     

支持系统信息共享的制造信息映射与集成方法

 为解决系统集成中信息结构复杂和结构转换困难的问题,提出了一种异构制造信息的映射转化方法。通过对制造信息内容及信息间关系的分析,建立了包括物料、工艺、零件及资源在内的统一制造信息模型,并对模型支持下的制造信息结构化表达方法进行了研究。通过对制造信息映射情况的分析,总结定义了节点/属性计算单元和条件计算单元两类计算因子,并用一个实例说明了如何应用计算因子的不同组合实现信息的结构转换。提出了一种基于消息中间件的系统集成框架,对信息映射方法在框架中的应用模式进行了讨论。研究成果在某航空企业得到了应用实现,并取得了较好的应用效果,验证了所提方法的可行性。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

硅橡胶基防热涂层动态烧蚀行为及机理研究

针对两种典型硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温燃气流烧蚀实验，通过对烧蚀后涂层的宏观及微观形貌分析，探讨了其防隔热机理及烧蚀模型。研究结果表明：烧蚀后两种涂层均存在液态层、陶瓷层、热解层以及原始层；烧蚀过程中甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层主要发生主链“回咬”成环反应，导致树脂基体交联密度降低，力学性能下降，涂层外表面发生开裂，甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层则主要发生侧基交联反应，使树脂基体交联密度上升，促进涂层发生陶瓷化转变；热辐射、热容吸热、热解反应吸热以及热阻塞效应为四种主要的热耗散机制，质量损失产生的原因主要包括反应气体释放以及气动剪切力导致的机械剥蚀。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

基于微课的材料成型及控制工程专业英语翻转课堂教学实践与探索

微课不是指用于微学习的微内容,而是指使用专业软件构建便于在线和移动学习的实际教学内容。笔者结合教学实践,利用iSpring Suite软件制作微课,开展对材料成型专业英语的教学研究,并进一步探索基于微课的翻转课堂教学模式。