Ionization processes in the heliosphere — Rates and methods of their determination

The rates of the most important ionization processes acting in interplanetary space on interstellar H, He, C, O, Ne and Ar atoms are critically reviewed in the paper. Their long-term modulations in the period 1974 – 1994 are reexamined using updated information on relevant cross-sections as well as direct or indirect data on variations of the solar wind/solar EUV fluxes based on IMP 8 measurements and monitoring of the solar 10.7 cm radio emission. It is shown that solar cycle related variations are pronounced (factor of 3 between maximum and minimum) especially for species such as He, Ne, C for which photoionization is the dominant loss process. Species sensitive primarily to the charge-exchange (as H) show only moderate fluctuations 20% around average. It is also demonstrated that new techniques that make use of simultaneous observations of neutral He atoms on direct and indirect orbits, or simultaneous measurements of He⁺ and He⁺⁺ pickup ions and solar wind particles can be useful tools for narrowing the uncertainties of the He photoionization rate caused by insufficient knowledge of the solar EUV flux and its variations.     

电动气阀动态特性及反力因素的影响

建立了电动气阀吸动过程的数学模型并进行了动态特性的数值计算，详细分析了反力因素对电动气阀动态特性的影响。计算结果表明：该阀的衔铁在被触动后能很快地吸到最小气隙处；适当地减小压缩气的入口压力和弹簧预紧力有利于提高电动气阀的响应能力，有利于延长电动气阀的使用寿命。     

超音速钝体无粘绕流的计算

研究用三维特征线相容性关系的迎风差分格式,数值模拟超音速和高超音速钝体无粘绕流流场。用钝体反方法计算头激波及其波后的流场,用轴对称流特征线法确定初值面上的流动参数。算例的计算结果与实验数据比较吻合     

改进DZ—22定向凝固高温合金热处理制度的研究

研究了一种新的热处理制度对DZ－22走向凝固高温合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明，采用新热处理制度先进行预处理，可以消除低熔点相，提高合金的初熔温度，然后提高合金的固溶温度。在随后的冷却和时效过程中，析出更多的细小γ'相使合金的拉伸强度和持久性能得到明显提高。     

带损伤复合材料层压板剩余强度估算方法研究

 针对带损伤, 特别是冲击损伤的复合材料层压板的剩余强度估算, 提供易于工程使用 的思路和方法。包括: ① 提出了一种不依赖具体分析方法的统一的损伤记录与表征方法——损 伤数据结构DDS; ②提出了一种全新的缺口强度破坏判据——损伤影响(D I) 破坏判据; ③ 提出 了简单易用的估算冲击分层的弯曲应变能密度分层模型; ④提出了一套能够分析包括预埋分层 和冲击分层在内, 并能够处理单一分层以及多分层的损伤剩余强度估算方法。对共计12 种材料 体系、52 种铺层形式的开孔拉抻强度、预埋分层压缩强度及冲击后压缩强度进行了大量估算分 析, 与近百组试验结果相比均有良好一致性。     

Effects of polarization and resolution on SAR ATR

Lincoln Laboratory is investigating the detection and classification of stationary ground targets using high resolution, fully polarimetric, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. A study is summarized in which data collected by the Lincoln Laboratory 33 GHz SAR were used to perform a comprehensive comparison of automatic target recognition (ATR) performance for several polarization/resolution combinations. The Lincoln Laboratory baseline ATR algorithm suite was used, and was optimized for each polarization/resolution case. Both the HH polarization alone and the optimal combination of HH, HV, and VV were evaluated; the resolutions evaluated were 1 ft/spl times/1 ft and 1 m/spl times/1 m. The data set used for this study contained approximately 74 km/sup 2/ of clutter (56 km/sup 2/ of mixed clutter plus 18 km/sup 2/ of highly cultural clutter) and 136 tactical target images (divided equally between tanks and howitzers).     

液体火箭发动机高速涡轮泵的振动故障检测

讨论了涡轮泵故障的几个主要原因，据此提取涡轮泵振动数据的特征，用BP神经网络的方法进行故障检测。BP神经网络的训练样本集由一个具有无监督聚类功能的神经网络从原始的特征向量集获取。     

超声速气流中轴向涡强化混合及燃烧的数值研究

通过求解N－S方程，数值计算了扩张圆管内的非平衡流动，并研究了超声速混合和燃烧的强化技术。结果表明，在超声速领域，预旋燃料方式是一种比较有效的强化技术。     

布雷顿和卡诺热机循环性能比较(Ⅱ)定常态流变温热源循环

研究定常态变温热源热机循环性能，导出内可逆卡诺热机和布雷顿热机的最佳功率、效率关系和最大功率及相应的效率界限，并对这两种热机循环的最优性能进行了比较。理论分析表明，在相同的边界条件和热效率下，布雷顿循环的功率可以高于卡诺循环的功率，极限情况下前者是后者的两倍。对于变温热源条件，布雷顿循环主要受益于其工质与热源间有较佳的匹配。所得结果对热机工作参数和工质的最优选择有一定指导意义。     

推力级数、推力比和推力作用时间对弹道散布的影响

用详细的计算数据，在保持计算条件和总冲不变的情况下，分析了二级推力和三级推力方案时的方向密集度，从而得出了二级推力方案的方向密集度优于三级的结论，同时，提出了使方向密集度最小的最佳转换时间。