合成射流控制鼓包分离流动的数值模拟

为了研究合成射流控制鼓包背风面分离流动的效果,采用商用流体力学软件FLUENT^® 6.3求解Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes方程,通过分析鼓包壁面摩擦力系数分布、旋涡脱落结构以及射流孔口附近流动结构,揭示了合成射流对分离点不固定的流动分离的控制机理.结果表明:在分离点前施加合成射流可有效缩小回流区范围,涡脱落被施加的激励"锁定",涡脱落的频率等于合成射流的频率.此外,在本研究所考虑的情况下,动量系数越大,控制效果越好.从时均效果看,当施加最大吹气动量系数为0.369 1%的合成射流时,分离泡长度减小了11%.     

新型二维推力矢量喷管数值模拟

针对现有流体推力矢量控制方案的不足,提出利用喷流附壁效应的新型矢量喷管,借助于尾喷管射流对固壁延伸面的跟随作用控制尾喷流方向,实现推力转向.在此基础上采用限制流量的方法调节喷流的抽吸程度,产生不同的横向压力梯度,达到了矢量化控制推力转向的目的.运用这一概念设计了二维矢量喷管,用数值实验方式验证了喷管的推力转向效果,采用限制流量方法得到的最大矢量角度约13.3°,进一步结合射流控制可以使矢量偏角达到20°以上.通过对该喷管流场的数值计算研究,探讨了该矢量喷管内喷流转向形成的流动机理,从推力损失、转向效率上对喷管的性能特点进行了分析,为下一步开展实验研究奠定了基础.     

Development of thermal sensors and drilling systems for lunar and planetary regoliths

We consider some novel concepts for thermal properties experiments aboard lunar landers or rovers, that may lead to an improved understanding of both the structure of the lunar near surface layers and the lunar thermal history. The new instruments could be developed using the experience and heritage from recently developed systems, like the Rosetta Lander thermal conductivity experiment MUPUS and existing designs used for terrestrial measurements of thermal conductivity. We describe shortly the working principle of such sensors and the main challenges faced when using them in the airless regolith layers of the Moon or other airless bodies. In addition new concepts to create appropriate drill holes for thermal and other measurements in the lunar regolith are discussed.     

Response of Hainan GPS ionospheric scintillations to the different strong magnetic storm conditions

Using the GPS ionospheric scintillation data at Hainan station (19.5°N, 109.1°E) in the eastern Asia equatorial regions and relevant ionospheric and geomagnetic data from July 2003 to June 2005, we investigate the response of L-band ionospheric scintillation activity over this region to different strong magnetic storm conditions (Dst < −100 nT) during the descending phase of the solar cycle. These strong storms and corresponding scintillations mainly took place in winter and summer seasons. When the main phase developed rapidly and reached the maximum near 20–21 LT (LT = UT + 8) after sunset, scintillations might occur in the following recovery phase. When the main phase maximum occurred shortly after midnight near 01–02 LT, following the strong scintillations in the pre-midnight main phase, scintillations might also occur in the post-midnight recovery phase. When the main phase maximum took place after 03 LT to the early morning hours no any scintillation could be observed in the latter of the night. Moreover, when the main phase maximum occurred during the daytime hours, scintillations could also hardly be observed in the following nighttime recovery phase, which might last until the end of recovery phase. Occasionally, scintillations also took place in the initial phase of the storm. During those scintillations associated with the nighttime magnetic storms, the height of F layer base (h’F) was evidently increased. However, the increase of F layer base height does not always cause the occurrence of scintillations, which indicates the complex interaction of various disturbance processes in ionosphere and thermosphere systems during the storms.     

Influence of the 27-day solar flux variations on the ionosphere parameters measured at Irkutsk in 2003–2005

We present an investigation of the influence of the 27-day solar flux variations, caused by solar rotation, on the ionosphere parameters such as the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and the total electron content (TEC). Our observational data were obtained with the Irkutsk Digisonde (DPS-4) located at 52.3 North and 104.3 East during the period from 2003 to 2005. In addition, we use TEC data from the Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) based on Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The solar radiation flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (F10.7 index) is used as an index characterizing the solar activity level. A good correlation between observed ionosphere parameters and solar activity variations is found especially in autumn-to-winter season. We estimate the impact of the 27-day solar flux variations on the day-to-day variability and determine the time delay of the ionosphere response.     

MEMS陀螺仪随机误差滤波

针对微机电系统(MEMS,Micro Electromechanical System)陀螺仪的随机漂移,基于小波多尺度分析,利用bior1.5小波对陀螺仪的随机漂移进行深度为4的分解,重建各尺度信号,采用时间序列方法对陀螺仪各尺度随机漂移进行建模,与传统时间序列方法建模相比,降低了模型的预测误差.并构建了模糊自适应Kalman滤波,利用模糊控制方法基于残差均值与方差差值对噪声方差阵进行实时调整,提高对重建后的各尺度信号随机噪声滤波效果.通过一系列对比实验证明,基于多尺度分析的模糊自适应Kalman滤波对于消除MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移误差作用明显.通过Allan方差分析,滤波后的数据各随机误差项均得到有效减小.     

超燃试验用加热器三维粘性流场数值模拟

超燃冲压发动机试验时,使用燃烧型加热器模拟高焓、高马赫数的来流条件,而加热器的喷注结构对改善加热器出口流场均匀性具有重要作用.使用三维数值模拟软件Fluent对2种喷注结构的燃烧型加热器进行了三维定常反应流场模拟,获得了设计工况下的流场.结果表明,采用多孔斜喷结构能使氢气在横向有较大的穿透深度,加上空气的引射作用在燃烧室头部产生大尺度横向涡,增强了氢气和空气的混合燃烧以及燃气的掺混,使加热器出口温度场不均匀性从53%降为21%,氧气摩尔分数不均匀性从63%降为17%,更有利于开展超燃冲压发动机试验.     

基于PCI总线的主从式多轴控制器开发

针对运动控制的高精度要求,介绍了一种基于PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)总线的实时多轴控制系统.为了在执行复杂任务时,减少主机的工作量以及充分利用数字信号处理器(DSP,Digital Signal Processor)的数字处理能力,多轴控制器采用了主从控制结构.这种控制器还可以根据用户的需要使用串行通讯控制来代替PCI总线控制.控制器硬件的研发主要集中在多轴控制器、PCI总线接口电路和PCI局部总线的控制逻辑电路上,这些是设计控制器的关键技术.通过一个三自由度机器人沿一个空间螺旋轨迹运动的实例验证,所研发的多轴控制器可以实现具有准实时性能的高精度协调运动控制.      

多层次法防空导弹弹道优化设计

为了使导弹优化的弹道更有效地杀伤目标,采用多层次法来设计防空导弹中制导段弹道.整个模型分为3层,第1层是导弹中制导段弹道,第2层是导弹末制导段,第3层是战斗部毁伤目标.第1层弹道限定中末段交班点处的弹道倾角进行优化.交班点弹道倾角作为联系第1、2层的全局变量,随它变化而产生一系列的优化弹道.第2层是导弹自寻的模型,通过Monte-Carlo仿真得到脱靶量分布的数学期望和标准差,这是联系第2、3层的全局变量.第3层由脱靶量的分布计算杀伤概率,最大杀伤概率对应的第1层弹道就是系统的最优解.多层次法表明了中制导段弹道优化设计和最终导弹杀伤概率之间的关系,使得杀伤概率这一效能指标能够作为中制导段弹道优化的指标.最后进行了拦截高空高速巡航目标和低空低速巡航目标的算例计算.