铌钨合金材料在液体火箭发动机上的应用

为探索铌钨合金在液体火箭发动机上的应用，针对我国研制成功的Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr铌钨合金进行了高温性能试验及抗高温氧化涂层的研制，铌钨合金及涂层在高温时的组织结构分析及相关工艺试验。结果表明：Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr铌钨合金及抗氧化涂层可用于液体火箭发动机。     

元件疲劳可靠性估算的剩余强度模型

 提出了一个估算元件疲劳可靠性的剩余强度模型,讨论了剩余强度模型的一般形式,给出了元件在常幅和变幅载荷作用下的剩余强度的退化模型。在此基础上系统阐述了元件在常幅和多级载荷下的疲劳可靠性分析方法。算例的分析结果与试验结果符合很好,表明所提出的剩余强度模型是合理可行的。     

The Magnetic Field Pile-up and Density Depletion in the Martian Magnetosheath: A Comparison with the Plasma Depletion Layer Upstream of the Earth's Magnetopause

Using magnetometer and electron observations from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and the Wind spacecraft we show that the region of magnetic field pile-up and density decrease located between the Martian ionosphere and bow shock exhibit strong similarities with the plasma depletion layer (PDL) observed upstream of the Earth's magnetopause in the absence of magnetic reconnection when the magnetopause is a solid obstacle in the solar wind. A PDL is formed upstream of the terrestrial magnetopause when the magnetic field piles up against the obstacle and particles in the pile-up region are squeezed away from the high magnetic pressure region along the field lines as the flux tubes convect toward the magnetopause. We here discuss the possibility that at least part of the region of magnetic field pile-up and density depletion upstream of Mars may be formed by the same physical processes which generate the PDL upstream of the Earth's magnetopause. More complete ion, electron, and neutral measurements are needed to conclusively determine the relative importance of the plasma depletion process versus exospheric processes.     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料弹性常数测量

为研究粉末冶金制备的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/Al)中SiCp含量对材料机械性能的影响,使用弹性波法测量了SiCp含量不同的标准试样的弹性常数矩阵.利用Christoffel方程建立了横观各向同性材料波速与弹性常数之间的关系,介绍了水浸斜入射法测量准横波和准纵波波速的基本原理和测量过程,基于上述原理进行了试验,计算出了被测试件的弹性常数.结果表明,SiCp/Al沿挤压方向的机械性能最高,并且随着SiCp含量的增加,弹性常数变大,材料的强度升高.     

原位合成Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料的研究

利用氧对金属Ti、Al粉的部分氧化，原位合成了Al2O3／Ti-Al复合材料，通过XRD和SEM手段，发现Al2O3分布在Ti—Al基体交界处，在一些制得的复合材料中出现了大量原位生成的纤维。借助差热分析，对该制备过程的反应机理进行了初步探讨，研究认为该制备过程的反应步骤为：Ti、Al金属粉表面氧化→铝的熔化→TiAl，的生成→Ti2Al、TiAl、Ti，Al等多种化合物生成和Al对TiO2的还原反应。原始组成中铝含量决定了复合材料的主要晶相组成，铝含量不足时，生成Ti2Al、TiAl、Ti3Al等多种金属间化合物和氧化铝；铝含量足够时，最终的产物为TiAl3、金属铝以及氧化铝等相。     

Biological effects of galactic radiation HZE particles in experiments on the orbital station Salyut 7.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds were flown on-board the orbital station Salyut 7 for 66-457 days. It was found that a single heavy charged particle (HZE) hitting a seed only slightly affects the subsequent plant growth. However, morphological anomalies of varying type in primordial leaves and roots were observed that show good correlation with the location of the particle track. The most severe damage detected by light and an electron microscopy were "channels" in dry and soaked seeds. The appearance of "channels" seems to be related to the LET of the incident particle. This finding is of considerable importance for assessment of space flight radiation hazard.     

Charge exchange interactions on near-Earth proton radiation for orbit perturbation of high area-to-mass ratio objects

This novel concept expels neutral gas in the presence of geomagnetically-trapped protons in near-Earth orbit. The expelled neutral gas acts to induce charge exchange collisions with the geomagnetically-trapped protons and induce drag on objects which pass through it. The charge exchange collisions between the neutral gas and the geomagnetically-trapped protons create neutrals with similar kinetic energy that are not confined by the geomagnetic field. The charge exchange neutrals are able to collide with orbital objects and perturb their orbits. The delta-v applied by the charge exchange neutral flux is greatest on high area-to-mass objects. Numerical simulation shows charge exchange neutral impacts produce a delta-v on objects on the order of 3.8 x 10⁻¹¹ m/s at a distance of 1 km from the center of the expelled gas in a 1,000 km orbit. The impulse imparted by charge exchange neutral impacts is at least six orders of magnitude smaller than that provided by the induced drag caused by gas expulsion. The localized drag increase can force a majority of small objects into the orbit of the expelled gas cloud, even if that orbit is retrograde to the initial orbit of the objects. This new technique can be applied to the remediation of space debris.     

缝隙宽度对频率选择表面透波特性的影响

从物理本质上分析了频率选择表面FSS(Frequency Selective Surfaces)单元的缝隙宽度对FSS平板透波特性的影响.FSS平板单元的缝隙越宽,则单元的谐振波长缩短就越多,谐振频率也随之升高.利用Floquet定理,计算分析了缝隙宽度对FSS平板透波特性的影响;采用蚀刻技术加工FSS平板小矩形缝隙单元.实验测试的结果表明,缝隙宽度变大时,谐振频率升高,同时,FSS平板的透波率和谐振带宽变大.实验数据与计算结果在误差允许的范围内基本一致.      

Electric discharge in the Martian atmosphere,Paschen curves and implications for future missions

Electric discharge between two electrically charged surfaces occurs at a well-defined, gas-dependent combination of atmospheric pressure and the distance between those two surfaces, as described by Paschen’s law. The understanding of when the discharge will occur in the conditions present on Mars is essential for designing space-flight hardware that will operate on the Martian surface as well as understanding electrical discharge processes occurring in the Martian atmosphere. Here, we present experimentally measured Paschen curves for a gas mixture representative of the Martian atmosphere and compare our results to breakdown voltages of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium as measured with our system and from the literature. We will discuss possible implications for instrument development as well as implications for processes in the Martian atmosphere. The DC voltage at which electric discharge occurred between two stainless steel spheres was measured at pressures from 10⁻² to 100 torr in all gases. We measured a minimum voltage for discharge in the Mars ambient atmosphere of 410 ± 10 V at 0.3 torr cm. As an application, the breakdown properties of space-qualified, electrical wires to be used in the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) were studied.     

Strong perturbations on the Sun and in the heliosphere leading to large geomagnetic storms: Similar and individual characteristics

We briefly present the selected results obtained up to now by the Russian scientific groups regarding powerful solar ejections as main causes of large geomagnetic storms in the near-Earth space. Strongest perturbations on the Sun and in the near-Earth space responsible for large geomagnetic storms were well registered and analyzed during the 23rd solar cycle. Open issues and perspectives are discussed.