火星探测器捕获段自适应卡尔曼滤波方法

天文导航是一种广泛应用于深空探测任务中的节能、高效的导航方式。基于轨道动力学模型和星光角距的卡尔曼滤波方法已经被成功应用在天文导航系统中。在捕获段由于探测器所处动力学环境复杂,未建模的加速度误差,星历误差等都会造成过程噪声统计特性不完全。针对以上问题,提出一种根据新息和残差序列的变化趋势来调节过程噪声协方差阵的自适应平方根容积卡尔曼的方法（AQSCKF）。该方法先分别利用新息和残差计算调节因子,然后判断新息和残差的变化趋势,当新息和残差的变化趋势一致时,取二者调节因子的均值作为过程噪声方差阵的调节因子,对其进行调节。此外,本文还将该方法与传统的只利用新息或残差在线调节协方差阵的平方根容积卡尔曼滤波（SCKF）方法进行对比,仿真结果表明,在解决由于过程噪声统计特性不能完全已知的问题上,AQSCKF算法不仅能显著提高导航精度,并且具有很好的稳定性。     

缝纫/RFI层合板单钉连接性能试验研究

通过对不同铺层及不同缝纫角度的缝纫／RFI层合板的单钉单剪连接强度试验,了解到缝纫针脚位置对缝纫层合板机械连接性能有显著的影响。当针脚距离钉孔受挤压边缘较近时,缝纫层合板的挤压破坏强度低于普通的层合板,只有当针脚在钉孔挤压区外或距离钉孔受挤压边缘较远时,缝纫层合板才显示出好于普通层合板的机械连接性能。试验结果还表明铺层比对缝纫层合板的机械连接性能也有影响,其规律类似于普通层合板。     

基于事件驱动的容积卡尔曼滤波定位算法

以网络化非线性滤波系统为研究对象,为了平衡系统的通信率和滤波精度之间的矛盾,引入随机事件驱动（stochastic event-triggered）的思想,并在此基础上建立了基于残差检测的事件驱动（detected event-triggered）模型。针对系统的强非线性,将线性随机事件驱动滤波系统中的更新结论推广至非线性系统,推导了两种事件驱动机制在容积卡尔曼滤波（CKF）算法框架中的滤波更新过程,得到了检测事件驱动CKF（DECKF）和随机事件驱动CKF（SECKF）两种算法。最后,通过天基平台空间目标跟踪问题对算法性能进行检验。仿真结果表明,当通信率下降20.64%时,DECKF算法的位置跟踪精度和速度跟踪精度相比标准CKF仅下降了5.50%和7.74%。此外,在通信率相同的情形下,DECKF比SECKF的精度高40%以上,证明检测事件驱动模式优于随机事件驱动模式。     

控制力矩陀螺框架谐波减速驱动系统建模与仿真

摘要： 控制力矩陀螺是航天器姿态控制系统的重要执行机构,它具有输出力矩大、速度响应快、功率消耗低、寿命长等优点,可以完成高速率的姿态机动控制.综合考虑谐波减速器的齿隙模型、非线性刚度、减速器效率等因素,对CMG框架驱动组件用谐波减速器进行精细建模.针对低速下谐波减速器的刚度较低、传动误差较大这一缺陷,建立考虑传动误差的减速器模型;与传统的不考虑传动误差的模型相比可更准确地描述谐波减速器在低速下的输出速度曲线.根据建立的CMG框架驱动系统模型,在低速下采用PID闭环控制对输出转速误差进行抑制,使输出转速误差降低了50%以上.最后分析其对谐波减速器刚度和阻尼对框架系统性能的影响.     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

带压缩性修正的离散涡方法在结冰数值模拟中的应用

离散涡方法（DVM）是一种无网格的涡运动算法,适用于解决易产生分离流的非定常问题,将其应用于结冰过程中的流场求解,在有效模拟分离流动的同时能避免冰形尖角对网格质量的影响。但离散涡方法基于不可压 N-S 方程,无法应用于预测可压缩流动下的结冰过程。本文在离散涡方法的基础上添加普朗特—格劳尔特压缩性修正,进行基于离散涡方法的可压缩流动下的数值模拟,并将其应用于翼型结冰预测;对流场分布、结冰冰形和结冰模型计算过程等仿真结果进行对比和分析。结果表明：引入压缩性修正后的离散涡方法能较好地模拟可压缩流动,与实验值相比,基于该方法得到的结冰数值模拟结果符合良好,对结冰数值模拟在工程上的应用提供了一定的参考。     

Loop细分曲面精加工刀具轨迹生成

细分曲面既能表示连续的几何设计模型也能表示离散的加工模型,避免了模型转换的复杂中间过程.细分曲面除了对于构造具有任意拓扑结构的复杂零件具有巨大的优势外,对于数字化制造也极具发展潜力.因此,对基于Loop细分曲面的精加工刀具轨迹生成算法进行了研究.首先利用基于弦长误差的自适应插值Loop细分得到精加工模型;然后利用等斜率跟踪法将精加工模型分割为平坦区域和非平坦区域.对各个区域依次进行处理,不同区域实施不同的刀具轨迹规划.据此,既避免了因细分过程数据量过大而导致的曲面精度不足或表面质量降低的问题,又可顺利计算整张曲面相对均匀残留高度的刀具轨迹.最后,为验证该算法的可行性进行铣削加工实验.      

多目标融合的冗余空间机械臂碰前轨迹优化

面向在轨对接与装配任务,提出了多目标融合的冗余度空间机械臂碰前轨迹优化方法。通过分析任务特点,阐述了空间机械臂碰前的多重任务目标。针对由空间机械臂连续轨迹跟踪、碰撞姿态控制及碰撞冲量幅值优化三个目标组成的第一类任务,通过设置任务优先级融合多目标并采用基于主任务零空间的方法实现对碰前轨迹的优化;而对由空间机械臂点到点规划、碰撞姿态控制及碰撞冲量幅值优化三个目标组成的第二类任务,通过设置任务权重将多目标融合并采用遗传算法对碰前轨迹进行优化。以典型七自由度机械臂为例开展仿真实验,验证了提出的轨迹优化方法的有效性。     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.