含缺陷固体装药燃烧异常实验分析

利用高速实时Ｘ射线荧屏分析技术,对固体火箭发动机装药经常出现的主要缺陷导致的异常燃烧现象进行研究,提出了含不同类型缺陷装药结构破坏的条件和模式,描述了推进剂裂纹、气孔和脱粘槽穴内的点火、燃烧和结构变形现象,分析了双基、丁羟、ＮＥＰＥ推进剂裂纹进一步扩展趋势和临界条件,为评估固体发动机含缺陷装药燃烧安全性提供了实验依据和分析方法。     

CIR Morphology, Turbulence, Discontinuities, and Energetic Particles

Corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the middle heliosphere have distinct morphological features and associated patterns of turbulence and energetic particles. This report summarizes current understanding of those features and patterns, discusses how they can vary from case to case and with distance from the Sun and possible causes of those variations, presents an analytical model of the morphological features found in earlier qualitative models and numerical simulations, and identifies aspects of the features and patterns that have yet to be resolved. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The ACE Magnetic Fields Experiment

The magnetic field experiment on ACE provides continuous measurements of the local magnetic field in the interplanetary medium. These measurements are essential in the interpretation of simultaneous ACE observations of energetic and thermal particles distributions. The experiment consists of a pair of twin, boom- mounted, triaxial fluxgate sensors which are located 165 inches (=4.19 m) from the center of the spacecraft on opposing solar panels. The electronics and digital processing unit (DPU) is mounted on the top deck of the spacecraft. The two triaxial sensors provide a balanced, fully redundant vector instrument and permit some enhanced assessment of the spacecraft's magnetic field. The instrument provides data for Browse and high-level products with between 3 and 6 vector s−1 resolution for continuous coverage of the interplanetary magnetic field. Two high-resolution snapshot buffers each hold 297 s of 24 vector s−1 data while on- board Fast Fourier Transforms extend the continuous data to 12 Hz resolution. Real-time observations with 1-s resolution are provided continuously to the Space Environmental Center (SEC) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) for near- instantaneous, world-wide dissemination in service to space weather studies. As has been our team's tradition, high instrument reliability is obtained by the use of fully redundant systems and extremely conservative designs. We plan studies of the interplanetary medium in support of the fundamental goals of the ACE mission and cooperative studies with other ACE investigators using the combined ACE dataset as well as other ISTP spacecraft involved in the general program of Sun-Earth Connections. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the Slow Solar Wind

A theory for the origin of the slow solar wind is described. Recent papers have demonstrated that magnetic flux moves across coronal holes as a result of the interplay between the differential rotation of the photosphere and the non-radial expansion of the solar wind in more rigidly rotating coronal holes. This flux will be deposited at low latitudes and should reconnect with closed magnetic loops, thereby releasing material from the loops to form the slow solar wind. It is pointed out that this mechanism provides a natural explanation for the charge states of elements observed in the slow solar wind, and for the presence of the First-Ionization Potential, or FIP, effect in the slow wind and its absence in fast wind. Comments are also provided on the role that the ACE mission should have in understanding the slow solar wind. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

喷管分离流动的数值模拟

针对高空喷管地面试验时产生流动分离的现象,用Ｂｅａｍ －Ｗａｒｍ ｉｎｇ 近似因式分解法求解薄层Ｎ－Ｓ方程,对分离流场进行数值模拟。预示了分离点的位置以及喷管壁面压强分布等,可以为高空发动机地面试车提供参考, 并为进一步研究分离的影响因素打下基础     

Spectrophotometric diagnostics of energy characteristics and conductance of the auroral ionosphere from satellite: 1. Specific methods,accuracy problems,and instrumentation requirements

One of the most important tasks of space research is to find a way of real-time monitoring of the space environment conditions around the Earth. This is necessary in order to provide warning about the threats of critical failures in ground-based and space technological systems, thus providing for their stable and secure operation. In view of this concern, methods of diagnostics of ionospheric energy and electrodynamic characteristics continue to be developed on the basis of spectral and photometric measurements, analyzing the glow intensity of emissions of the upper atmosphere observed from above. Serial panoramic monochromatic maps of the intensity of luminosity of the upper atmosphere emissions measured from orbiting detectors can serve as a main data source for such an analysis. In this paper we consider the principal aspects of the method, and, on this basis, the instrumentation requirements are formulated.     

Numerical analysis of the coefficients of temperature restitution and heat transfer in a turbulent dispersed flow

A technique is proposed and the results of the numerical investigation of the coefficients of temperature restitution and heat transfer on the surface streamlined by a turbulent dispersed flow are presented. The calculation data given involve that the coefficients of temperature restitution and heat transfer of the dispersed flow are significantly dependent on the nature of relative phase motion (with or without directional transverse particle displacement in the boundary layer), on the phase slip coefficients, and on the intensity of internal sources of heat and momentum in the boundary layer of the carrying medium.     

Special features of accelerated aerosol coagulation under subharmonic resonance in an open tube

The results of experimental studies of nonlinear aerosol oscillations in an open tube for a frequency equal to half the fundamental one are presented. The results can be used in designing aircraft engines.     

Improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered surfaces

Because space-borne radiometers do not measure the Earth’s outgoing fluxes directly, angular distribution models (ADMs) are required to relate actual radiance measurement to flux at given solar angle, satellite-viewing geometries, surface, and atmospheric conditions. The conversion of one footprint broad-band radiance into the corresponding flux requires therefore one to first characterize each footprint in terms of surface type and cloud cover properties to properly select the adequate ADM.

A snow (and sea-ice) retrieval technique based on spectral measurements from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat 8 is presented. It has been developed to improve the scene identification and thus the ADM selection in the near-real time processing of the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) data at the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium. The improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered scene types resulting from angular conversion using dedicated snow ADMs (e.g., empirical snow ADMs and/or pre-computed theoretical snow ADM) instead of empirical snow-free ADMs is discussed.