Plume aerodynamic effects of cushion engine in lunar landing

 During the second period of China "Tanyue" Project, the explorer will softland on the moon. The cushion engines are used to decelerate the explorer and reduce the impact on the lunar ground. It is necessary to study its plume effects on the explorer component. The self-developed PWS (Plume WorkStation) software based on direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to simulate the plume effects of two 150 N engines. Due to the complex structure of the explorer, PWS uses a decoupling method to treat the boundary mesh, which mainly interacts with simulation particles, and has no relation with the computational grids. After the analytical expressions of plane surfaces and curved surfaces of each boundary block are given, the particle position within or without the boundary blocks can be easily determined. Finally the 3D plume field of two 150 N engines is simulated. The pressure, temperature and velocity distributions of plume field are clearly presented by three characteristic slices. The aerodynamic effects on the explorer bottom, the landfall legs and antenna are separately shown. The compression influence on the plume flow of four landfall legs can be observed.     

A new method to predict fatigue crack growth rate of materials based on average cyclic plasticity strain damage accumulation

By introducing a fatigue blunting factor, the cyclic elasto-plastic Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field near the crack tip under the cyclic loading is modified. And, an average damage per loading-cycle in the cyclic plastic deformation region is defined due to Manson-Coffin law. Then, according to the linear damage accumulation theory-Miner law, a new model for predicting the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of the opening mode crack based on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage is set up. The step length of crack propagation is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. It is clear that every parameter of the new model has clearly physical meaning which does not need any human debugging. Based on the LCF test data, the FCG predictions given by the new model are consistent with the FCG test results of Cr2Ni2MoV and X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1. What’s more, referring to the relative researches, the good predictability of the new model is also proved on six kinds of materials.     

Design and analysis of spiral bevel gears with seventh-order function of transmission error

This paper proposes a new approach to mial function of transmission error （TE） for spiral design and implement a seventh-order polyno- bevel gears with an aim to reduce the running vibration and noise of gear drive and improve the loaded distribution of the tooth. Based on the constraint conditions of predesigned seventh-order polynomial function curve and the theory of linear algebra, the polynomial coefficients of the seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error can be obtained. By applying a method named reverse tooth contact analysis, the modified roll coefficients as well as parts of machine-tool settings for the face-milling of spiral bevel gears can be individually determined. Therefore, a predesigned seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error for spiral bevel gears can be obtained by the modified roll with high-order coef- ficients, and comparisons of the seventh-order polynomial and parabolic functions of transmission error are also performed. The achievement of spiral bevel gears with the seventh-order function of transmission error can be accomplished on a universal Cartesian-type hypoid gear generator or a numerically controlled cradle-style hypoid gear generator due to its simple generating motion of axes of the cradle and the work piece. The results of a numerical example show that the bending stresses of the tooth of seventh-order are less than those of a parabolic one, while the contact stresses remain almost eouivalent.     

智能自治体及其在敏捷制造中的应用

介绍了智能自治体及多智能自治体系统（ＭＡＳ）理论,在分析敏捷制造单元特点的基础上,提出基于ＭＡＳ的敏捷制造单元框架结构,用协商机制实现了敏捷制造单元的分布式动态调度和控制。     

应力波在测量管状结构中初应力的应用

通过求解考虑初应力时的耦合波动方程,得到了管道壁中应力波传播时相速度和初应力的关系,并进行了实例计算。结果表明,预应力对于管道中传播的压力波的相速度有明显的影响。同时,由结果可得对于给定的材料参数和管道尺寸,通过测量管道中应力波的传播速度即可确定管道中的初应力,这对管道设计、力学性能以及安全性能分析具有理论意义和应用价值,并为应力波在无损检测中的应用开辟了一个新的途径。     

英国英语与美国英语语音差异对比

本文从元音、辅音和重音上的不同读音方面对比分析了英国英语和美国英语在语音方面的差异,并分别以实例具体说明。     

商用飞机机务维修保障能力评价方法

商用飞机机务维修保障能力的评价效率亟须提高。首先,建立商用飞机维修保障系统能力评估指标体系;然后,介绍主成分分析法的原理,并建立优化决策模型;最后,通过SPSS软件采用主成分分析法对不同维修保障方案进行评估,以保证飞机的适航完整性。结果表明:主成分分析法消除了主观因素对评价的影响,得到的评价指标可用于商用飞机维修保障能力的定量评价,评价结果可为各航空公司及维修单位提供借鉴。     

高超声速飞行器关键技术量化评估方法

定量分析方法是使得发展战略研究与计划项目论证更具科学性的有力手段.在高超声速飞行器技术发展层面以及技术类别划分的基础上,归纳总结了高超声速飞行器的关键技术.采用量化评估方法,针对提出的评价准则进行了关键技术关键度的评估,得到了高超声速飞行器关键技术量化的排序结果,结果符合该领域对关键技术的一般认识,同时也体现出层次分析法在关键技术量化评估方面有着潜在的价值和意义.     

应用于DSMC方法的直角网格技术

研究了应用于直接模拟蒙特卡洛DSMC(Direct Simulation Monte Carlo)方法的直角网格技术.通过对边界三角形表面微元进行统计,建立直角网格缺陷单元与表面微元之间的映射关系,并进一步将缺陷单元区分为一级缺陷单元以及二级缺陷单元,同时结合可变时间步长技术,从根本上解决了在DSMC方法中利用直角网格技术贴体光滑地匹配复杂几何型面的问题.给出了相应的自适应网格调整方法.基于以上策略,编制了通用DSMC计算程序RGD-Tool(Rarefied Gas Dynamic Tool).利用RGD-Tool程序对典型的圆球绕流以及无限薄斜挡板绕流两个算例进行了验证计算,结果表明所讨论直角网格技术是有效的.     

发动机和羽流对地球同步卫星底部辐射加热的计算研究

地球同步卫星工作过程中法兰底座所受的辐射加热对法兰上的控制开关等零件的安全有重要影响。为此,建立了节点网络法计算发动机和隔热屏对卫星法兰底座及控制开关的辐射加热,比较了发动机、隔热屏和羽流3种辐射源的作用大小,还研究了发动机位置的平移对底部法兰及控制开关辐射加热的影响。研究表明:羽流对法兰和控制开关的辐射热流最小,发动机对法兰和控制开关的辐射热流最大;法兰和控制开关上不同侧面受到的辐射加热很不均匀,面向发动机正面的侧面辐射加热最强,面向发动机头部的侧面辐射最小;发动机向后平移可以显著降低法兰和控制开关上辐射热流的最大值。