国外航天元器件发展经验简析

从组织保障、资源配置、技术支撑保障等方面,简析美国、日本以及欧洲加强航天元器件管理、保障航天元器件的高可靠和稳定供应的实践经验与具体做法.     

基于ALT和MCMC方法的产品外场可靠性评估方法

针对目前基于加速试验产品可靠性分析方法忽略外场环境的差异性及未考虑外场数据等问题,从数据融合的角度,考虑试验与外场环境的差异性,综合加速寿命试验的试验数据和现场数据2种信息,建立更为准确的模型,并利用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(MCMC)进行贝叶斯分析,解决模型复杂难于计算的问题,通过Gibbs抽样获得模型后验参数估计,从而对产品在外场工作状况下的寿命及可靠性进行评估,最后通过实例对比分析,说明综合2种数据来源不仅扩大了信息量,同时评估的精度更高,结果更加可信。     

基于FCA具有认知诊断功能CAT的设计与实现

认知诊断（Cognitive diagnosis,CD）是智能教学系统的重要组成部分,但其研究存在一些问题：且对具有认知诊断功能的计算机化自适应测验（Computerized adaptive testing,CAT）的报导很少。CAT因人施测,公平高效,适合大规模测验。在规则空间模型与属性层次法的理论基础上,提出新的属性层次结构的类型,将形式概念分析（Formal concept analysis,FCA）应用于CD-CAT,以概念格为其理论模型,采用合适的题库建设技术、CD-CAT的选题策略和估计方法,建立概念格与CD-CAT的联系,据此开发出CD-CAT以实现对被试的实时诊断并讨论认知诊断的算法。采用Monte Carlo模拟进行实验,实验结果表明被试的知识状态较好地被诊断,能力估计精度在89%以上。     

A localized adaptive MTD processor

The problem of achieving the optimum moving target indicator (MTI) detection performance in strong clutter of unknown spectrum when the set of data available to the estimation of clutter statistics is small due to a severely nonhomogeneous environment is studied. A new adaptive implementation, called the Doppler domain localized generalized likelihood ratio processor (DDL-GLR), is proposed, and its detection performance is studied in detail. It is shown that the DDL-GLR is a data-efficient implementation of the high-order optimum detector and has several advantages of practical importance over the adaptive processors     

Bayesian edge detector for SAR imagery using discontinuity-adaptive Markov random feld modeling

Synthetic aperture radar（SAR）image is severely affected by multiplicative speckle noise,which greatly complicates the edge detection.In this paper,by incorporating the discontinuityadaptive Markov random feld（DAMRF）and maximum a posteriori（MAP）estimation criterion into edge detection,a Bayesian edge detector for SAR imagery is accordingly developed.In the proposed detector,the DAMRF is used as the a priori distribution of the local mean reflectivity,and a maximum a posteriori estimation of it is thus obtained by maximizing the posteriori energy using gradient-descent method.Four normalized ratios constructed in different directions are computed,based on which two edge strength maps（ESMs）are formed.The fnal edge detection result is achieved by fusing the results of two thresholded ESMs.The experimental results with synthetic and real SAR images show that the proposed detector could effciently detect edges in SAR images,and achieve better performance than two popular detectors in terms of Pratt＇s fgure of merit and visual evaluation in most cases.     

X 射线照相缺陷定位方法分析与验证

相对于公式法,双标记法解决了焦距和焦点位移测量误差所带来的问题.但此方法在射线检测领域普及程度并不高,其中原因,首先是原理较复杂,针对性研究少,其次是测量精度没有被量化,可信度不高.本文从公式法入手,通过对原理公式的变化分析和线性化分析,明晰了双标记法缺陷深度定位原理,推导了缺陷深度定位公式,利用简化模型,对双标记法的定位精度做了进一步的分析与计算,最后针对具体被检测物,测试验证了双标记法的计算公式和测量精度,用理论和实践证明了方法和精度的可靠性.     

知识基容错姿态控制系统

本文对知识基故障容错姿态控制系统加以简单的介绍。并对一类运载器提出实现它的方案设想。     

网格生成软件GRGES的设计与实现

首先,本文说明了研制网格生成软件对于促进计算流体力学研究和应用的重要意义。其次,本文论述了数值网格生成的基本概念和基本步骤,提出了网格生成软件GRGES的设计思想,简单介绍了GRGES的总体结构和五种网格生成方法。最后给出了三个网格生成算例,它们均可用于计算实际流场。