火箭冲压发动机掺混流场数值方法研究

鉴于火箭冲压发动机补燃室内呈现出复杂的三维化学反应流,传统方法对这一流场的数值分析所遇到的主要困难是求解椭圆型Ｎ－Ｓ方程组极为耗时而不利于工程应用,采用先进的块隐式法求解恒温掺混流场得到了很快的收敛速度,这一尝试为快速计算化学反应流打下了很好的基础。     

火箭冲压发动机反应流场数值模拟

用偶合算法求解三维定常椭圆型Ｎ－Ｓ方程组,计算了火箭冲压发动机内部的湍流反应流场。用有限体积法离散控制方程,用块隐式法求解离散后的代数方程组。湍流流动用ｋ－ε模型描述,湍流燃烧采用掺混控制的局部瞬时不混合模型。实践表明,尽管密度场变化剧烈,仍能快速收敛。算例中网格点数为３９×１３×１８。计算出的燃烧效率符合实验结果。     

靶式喷嘴雾化特性实验研究

对靶式喷嘴雾化特性用三维相位多普勒粒子分析仪进行了实验研究。测量结果显示,该靶式喷嘴雾化效果较好,喷雾中心粒度较小,粒度随气液质量比增大呈减小趋势,重力对喷雾场粒子速度分布有一定的影响。     

固体火箭发动机柔性接头弹性件力学性能研究

针对固体火箭发动机柔性接头中的橡胶材料，研究了在进行这种橡胶结构有限元计算中橡胶材料的力学行为的表征。进行了单轴拉伸与简单剪切材料力学性能试验，根据不同材料模型对试验曲线进行了拟合，并用MSC／Marc软件模拟了超弹性材料的单轴拉伸与简单剪切变形过程。结果表明：采用单轴拉伸试验数据预测材料剪切性能会造成明显误差，而简单剪切试验得到的模型可以比较准确描述材料的拉伸和剪切变形，针对柔性接头这种以剪切变形为主的结构，应选取剪切试验数据；当应变大于150％时，不同材料模型与试验数据的选用范围对计算结果具有明显影响。     

铝-硅涂层中Si的分布及作用

 本文研究了Al-Si涂层中Si的分布和存在形式,揭示了含Si的铝化物涂层中形成的富Si的M₆C隔层,它阻碍铝化物涂层中Al和Si向内扩散,从而提高涂层的抗高温氧化能力。利用预处理法可使Al-Si涂层预制成富Si的M₆C隔层,进一步提高它的防护能力。     

Uncertainty analysis and design optimization of hybrid rocket motor powered vehicle for suborbital flight

In this paper, we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM) powered vehicle. The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified. The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances. Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO) and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO) are discussed. Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods, including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS) and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA), are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method. Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis, the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods: DDO, KMCS and KTSA. The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness. The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.In this paper,we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)powered vehicle.The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified.The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances.Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO)and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)are discussed.Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods,including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS)and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA),are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method.Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis,the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods:DDO,KMCS and KTSA.The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness.The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.     

超机动飞行的神经网络动态逆控制

根据反馈线性化理论，讨论了神经网络自适应非线性动态逆控制设计。首先根据时标分离的原则，采用动态逆方法设计了快回路和慢回路控制器；其次提出了模型的神经网络非线性直接自适应控制方案，其中设计一种在线神经网络用于补偿模型逆误差。仿真表明，该控制方案具有较好的自适应能力的鲁棒性。     

SiC 多孔陶瓷的仿生合成

生物拟态SiC陶瓷以硅溶胶浸渍木材模板或其碳模板结合碳热还原法制备,模板不同的显微结构对SiC多孔陶瓷的仿生合成具有显著影响.结果表明:浸渍效果取决于模板的显气孔率、孔径大小及分布均匀性.松木的浸渍效果最好,经1次浸渍,松木模板及其碳模板的增重率分别为66.5wt％和76.8wt％.经3次浸溃—煅烧循环,松木的增重率为156.8％,累积SiO2吸收量远高于柚木和连香木.模板的显微结构、循环次数、煅烧温度影响陶瓷化程度,经3次浸渍—煅烧(1 600℃)循环,由松木生成的C/SiC模板中残碳率仅为15wt％,低于由柚木或连香木生成C/SiC模板的1/3.1 600℃煅烧4次循环后,由松木模板生成的SiC多孔陶瓷中残碳率接近零,碳细胞壁转变成SiC多孔陶瓷细胞壁,其孔隙率为71 vol％.     

电火花表面强化TC4 钛合金的组织与性能

以石墨为电极,分别在煤油和雾介质中对TC4钛合金(表面分别未涂覆及涂覆碳层)进行电火花表面强化.对强化层微观组织、相组成及显微硬度进行了研究.结果表明,所有强化层组织均呈菊花瓣状.合金表面涂覆碳层后强化层表面球状碳化物数量都较未涂覆时明显增加,且在煤油介质中得到的强化层中碳化物在花瓣边缘处聚集,雾介质条件下碳化物分布更为弥散、均匀.对强化层进行物相分析表明,强化相由电极C和基体Ti原位反应生成,强化层由基体α-Ti和TiC相组成.强化层表面显微硬度较原始TC4钛合金相比大幅提高,雾介质中得到的强化层显微硬度值与煤油介质中基本相同,可达800 MPa左右,但分布更为均匀,力学性能更稳定.     

Gaseous plume flows in space propulsion

This paper presents a gaskinetic study on high-speed, highly rarefied jets expanding into a vacuum from a cluster of planar or annular exits. Based on the corresponding exact expressions for a planar or annular jet, it is convenient to derive the combined multiple jet flowfield solutions of density and velocity components. For the combined temperature and pressure solutions, extra attention is needed. Several direct simulation Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to validate these analytical solutions. The analytical and numerical solutions are essentially identical for these high Knudsen number jet flows.