In situ microbial detection in Mojave Desert soil using native fluorescence

We report on the use of a portable instrument for microbial detection in the Mojave Desert soil and the potential for its use on Mars. The instrument is based on native fluorescence and employs four excitation wavelengths combined with four emission wavelengths. A soil dilution series in which known numbers of Bacillus subtilis spores were added to soil was used to determine the sensitivity of the instrument. We found that the fluorescence of the biological and organic components of the desert soil samples studied can be as strong as the fluorescence of the mineral component of these soils. Using the calibration derived from B. subtilis spores, we estimated that microbial content at our primary sampling site was 10(7) bacteria per gram of soil, a level confirmed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. At a nearby site, but in a slightly different geological setting, we tested the instrument's ability to map out microbial concentrations in situ. Over a ～50 m diameter circle, soil microbial concentrations determined with the B. subtilis calibration indicate that the concentrations of microorganisms detected varies from 10(4) to 10(7) cells per gram of soil. We conclude that fluorescence is a promising method for detecting soil microbes in noncontact applications in extreme environments on Earth and may have applications on future missions to Mars.     

MT300/802双马树脂基复合材料固化工艺及高温力学性能

采用热分析方法研究高活性802双马树脂的固化反应动力学特征,分析树脂固化度与固化温度、固化时间的关系,确定树脂固化制度150℃/1 h+180℃/2 h+200℃/4 h,制得MT300/802复合材料200℃固化T_g达到325℃,而相同固化温度XU292双马树脂T_g仅为234℃。进一步考察MT300/802复合材料室温、230、280及300℃的力学性能,结果表明,复合材料单向板280℃弯曲强度保持率达到了57%,300℃弯曲强度仍达到1 094 MPa,室温及高温层间剪切强度及面内剪切强度也表现出较高的性能水平,高活性802双马树脂及其复合材料固化温度相对较低而使用温度较高,能够满足航天领域耐高温主承力结构的应用要求。     

高强铝合金薄壁高筋大型壁板精确成形制造技术研究

针对现有铝合金薄板加筋条铆接或轧制厚板铣削的制造方式已经难以满足新型运载火箭舱段壁板在轻量化、高性能和低成本快速制造等方面的发展需求,从挤压成形所具有的高效率、高成形精度和良好的稳定性等特点出发,围绕高强韧高成形性可焊铝合金设计、高纯均质熔铸工艺、挤压流变整体成形以及复杂断面构件热处理调控的研究,提出采用带筋筒形件挤压开坯、精近成形后剖展的方法,制造宽幅薄壁高筋壁板,在降低宽幅薄壁高筋壁板对工装高要求的同时提高成形稳定性,并兼具高效、低成本、高性能等特点,能够支撑轻质高强薄壁大型舱段的高性能、低成本、高效制造。     

应用OLE技术实现遥测数据处理结果报告自动化生成

主要介绍在遥测数据处理结果报告自动化生成软件的开发设计中,利用对象链接与嵌入（OLE）技术实现Borland　C＋＋　Builder与Word相融合的方法。完成遥测数据处理结果报告自动排版和报告输出功能。靶场试验应用证明,该软件使遥测处理结果报告生成的质量和效率得到很大提高。     

Human interactions during Shuttle/Mir space missions

To improve the interpersonal climate of crewmembers involved with long-duration space missions, it is important to understand the factors affecting their interactions with each other and with members of mission control. This paper will present findings from a recently completed NASA-funded study during the Shuttle/Mir program which evaluated in-group/out-group displacement of negative emotions; changes in tension, cohesion, and leader support over time; and cultural differences. In-flight data were collected from 5 astronauts, 8 cosmonauts, and 42 American and 16 Russian mission control personnel who signed informed consent. Subjects completed a weekly questionnaire that assessed their mood and perception of their work group's interpersonal climate using questions from well-known, standardized measures (Profile of Mood States, Group and Work Environment Scales) and a critical incident log. There was strong evidence for the displacement of tension and dysphoric emotions from crewmembers to mission control personnel and from mission control personnel to management. There was a perceived decrease in commander support during the 2nd half of the missions, and for American crewmembers a novelty effect was found on several subscales during the first few months on-orbit. There were a number of differences between American and Russian responses which suggested that the former were less happy with their interpersonal environment than the latter. Mission control personnel reported more tension and dysphoria than crewmembers, although both groups scored better than other work groups on Earth. Nearly all reported critical incidents came from ground subjects, with Americans and Russians showing important differences in response frequencies.     

一次值得思考的MD-90排故经历

自我公司由执管MD-82型飞机转型为执管MD-90型飞机伊始，机组就多次向我们反映使用机组手提话筒时，驾驶舱与乘务员、驾驶舱与地面指挥之间有时无法进行正常的通讯联系。     

Telerobotics and orbital laboratories: an end-to-end analysis and demonstration

A preliminary analysis of the United States Laboratory (USL) module of the International Space Station has been completed. A major conclusion was that one of the most limited resources within the USL will be crew time. A laboratory robot would alleviate these constraints, improve safety, and reduce operational costs. A laboratory experiment manipulator system (LEMS) is proposed, made up of an on-board mobile manipulator and a computer-assisted operator control station. The on-board manipulator concept was tested with an Intelledex 660 industrial robot. Operator joystick command capability and delayed video feedback were added to simulate a Space Station Teleoperation system. The implementation of a unique predictive display was chosen for further evaluation because of its promise as a partial solution to the classical problem of robot remote control in the presence of time delay. The incorporation of various correction factors to calibrate the robot predictor model, including geometric distortion and spherical aberration caused by the video optics, is described.     

驱动商业航天创新引擎 共赴太空经济美好未来

<正>近十年来,全球航天产业持续稳定发展,正在进入一个崭新的大航天时代。在国家“十四五”规划中,空天科技首次出现在“强化国家战略科技力量”内容中,航天产业作为国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分,代表科技和工业发展的最前沿,具有显著的技术牵引和产业带动作用。     

进气畸变模拟装置的试验研究

 同一试验器上,在相同状态下,对挡板型、非完整进口型及紊流发生器型三类进气畸变模拟装置进行了对比试验。测量其总压场及速度场。获得某些规律性认识。