用于低轨卫星精密轨道确定的简化动力学法

全球定位系统(GPS)的测量量可促成一种简化动力学法，用于近地卫星的近厘末级定轨。利用这种方法，不同观测时刻的卫星状态间的转移由正规的动力学模型和由连续GPS载波相位数据以运动学法导出的卫星位置变化来完成。动力学信息和运动学信息间的相对权重可自由变化。协方差分析表明：当观测几何差而动力学模型好时，模型支配着状态转移的计算；动力模型差而观测几何好时，载波相位统治着状态转移的计算；而当运动学和动力学信息间没有明显优劣时，简化动力学联合法可显著提高轨道精度。本文给出简化动力学法中准最佳的择权准则，并研究了求解精度对权的敏感性。     

凝相相变过程的热力计算

一般的热力计算软件很少计及凝相物质的相变过程，当燃烧产物温度接近某凝相物质的相变温度时，将出现迭代计算不收敛。根据能量守恒、喉部单位质量流量的流通面积最小和等熵关系，提出了凝相物质在燃烧室、喷喉和喷管出口处于相变过程的热力计算方法，并给出了算例。     

GalileoSat计划中的地面部分结构和运作初步方案

GalileoSat是欧洲空间局 (ESA)Galileo计划的补充计划 ,一项为设计、开发、验证和操作现代化、独立的全球导航卫星系统而设立的欧洲新研究课题。其内容涉及Galileo空间和有关地面部分的设计、开发和在轨验证。系统运作方案负责系统的各个阶段 ,从发射与初轨阶段、卫星和载荷的移交、在轨验证阶段、星座部署、应用、星座维护 ,直到最终报废处置。1　任务概况Galileo将为全球用户提供卫星导航信号和精确时间 ,初期还向欧洲共同体地区提供完好性信息。该导航系统还将实施有商业价值的业务 (创收业务 )。该系统将由民间单位控制 ,采取开放式…     

美国NASA天基测控网的按需接入系统

NASA天基网按需接入系统(DAS)可为航天操作提供一种新的开创性的服务；这种业务通过跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)构成连续和自动化的通信链路。2002年10月投入运行的DAS扩展了TDRSS多址返向(航天器至地面)容量。该系统利用地基商业成品(COTS)设备，例如第三代多址波束形成分系(TGBFS)和可编程遥测处理器(PTP)，并利用包括TCP／IP及基于web的接口在内的联网标准。     

利用导航星全球定位系统鉴定下一代远程导弹

导航星(NAVSTAR)全球定位系统是一项三军联合计划,目前正在作方案验证。该计划由空军掌管,并有海军、陆军、海军陆战队和国防测绘局参加。当该系统全面投入工作后,它将为各种用户提供高精度定位和测速能力。美乐华(Mag-navox)公司先进产品部根据数个有偿合同,参与了几种用户设备的研制工作,并参与了其它部门应用全球定位系统的研究工作。本文介绍了为航天和导弹试验中心(SAMTEC)范登堡空军基地(西靶场)进行研究的结果,该项研究是要确定导航星全球定位系统用作下一代弹道导弹的外测和制导鉴定系统的可能性和能力。本文研究了利用全球导航系统跟踪导弹的三种主要方法,基于对导弹飞行方案、环境因素、系统要求和约束条件以及布局分析等方面的研究,提出了一些有关导弹外测的建议。     

Skylab experiment results: hematology studies

These studies were designed and coordinated to evaluate specific aspects of man's immunologic and hematologic systems which might be altered by or respond to the space flight environment. The biochemical functions investigated included cytogenetic damage to blood cells, immune resistance to disease, regulation of plasma and red cell volumes, metabolic processes of the red blood cell, and physical chemical aspects of red blood cell functions. Only minor changes were observed in the functional capacity of erythrocytes as determined by measuring the concentrations of selected intracellular enzymes and metabolites. Tests of red cell osmotic regulation indicated some elevation in the activity of the metabolic dependent Na-K pump, with no significant alterations in the cellular Na and K concentrations or osmotic fragility. A transient shift in red cell specific-gravity profile was observed on recovery, possibly related to changes in cellular water content. Measurements of hemoconcentration (hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, red cell count) indicated significant fluctuations postflight, reflecting observed changes in red cell mass and plasma volume. There was no apparent reticulocytosis during the 18 days following the first manned Skylab mission in spite of a significant loss in red cell mass. However, the reticulocyte count and index did increase significantly 5 to 7 days after completion of the second, longer duration, flight. There were no significant changes in either the while blood cell count or differential. However, the capacity of lymphocytes to respond to an in vitro mitogenic challenge was repressed postflight, and appeared to be related to mission duration. The cause of this repression is unknown at this time. Only minor differences were observed in plasma protein patterns. In the second mission there were changes in the proteins involved in the coagulation process which suggested a hypercoagulative condition.