飞机V型外倾双垂尾载荷校准技术

根据垂尾载荷校准及建模需求,对飞机V型外倾双垂尾结构受载情况进行了分析和简化,确定了校准试验载荷,研制了垂尾载荷校准试验专用龙门梁架。采用液压协调加载技术,完成了外倾双垂尾载荷校准试验,建立了满足测载要求的载荷模型。此种方法充分利用了左右垂尾外倾、双垂尾之间空间较大的特点,对左右垂尾对称施加向外的单点、多点载荷,加载载荷侧向分量左右自平衡,垂向分量依靠飞机自身重量即可平衡,飞机不需要复杂的固定与约束。试验中采用先搭建龙门框架,再停放飞机的方法,降低了试验风险、加快了试验进度,取得了良好的试验结果,对其他此类结构的载荷校准具有一定的借鉴作用。     

纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料的比例极限应力与残余热应力关系

从细观力学角度分析并建立了纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料从制备温度冷却到室温过程中产生的残余热应力与复合材料的比例极限应力的关系模型。该模型表明,减少复合材料的残余热应力或提高复合材料的纤维与基体的模量比,均可提高复合材料的比例极限应力。通过单调拉伸实验测试了先驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备的2D SiC/SiC复合材料的比例极限应力,并采用文中建立的比例极限应力与残余热应力关系模型,计算出复合材料SiC基体的残余热应力为-19.5 MPa。分析表明,该结果是合理的。此外,引用了公开文献报道的5种复合材料体系数据,用于验证文中所建立的比例极限应力与残余热应力关系模型的适应性和可靠性,计算结果与实验结果最大误差为18.6%,表明该模型具有较好的适应性和可靠性,可为纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料的研究提供新思路。     

Adaptive suppression of passive intermodulation in digital satellite transceivers

For the performance issues of satellite transceivers suffering passive intermodulation interference,a novel and effective digital suppression algorithm is presented in this paper.In con trast to analog approaches,digital passive intermodulation (PIM) suppression approaches can be easily reconfigured and therefore are highly attractive for future satellite communication systems.A simplified model of nonlinear distortion from passive microwave devices is established in consid eration of the memory effect.The multiple high-order PIM products falling into the receiving band can be described as a bilinear predictor function.A suppression algorithm based on a bilinear poly nomial decorrelated adaptive filter is proposed for baseband digital signal processing.In consideration of the time-varying characteristics of passive intermodulation,this algorithm can achieve the rapidness of online interference estimation and low complexity with less consumption of resources.Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively compensate the passive intermodulation interference,and achieve a high signal-to-interference ratio gain.     

Air route network optimization in fragmented airspace based on cellular automata

Air route network optimization,one of the essential parts of the airspace planning,is an effective way to optimize airspace resources,increase airspace capacity,and alleviate air traffic con gestion.However,little has been done on the optimization of air route network in the fragmented airspace caused by prohibited,restricted,and dangerous areas (PRDs).In this paper,an air route network optimization model is developed with the total operational cost as the objective function while airspace restriction,air route network capacity,and non-straight-line factors (NSLF) are taken as major constraints.A square grid cellular space,Moore neighbors,a fixed boundary,together with a set of rules for solving the route network optimization model are designed based on cellular automata.The empirical traffic of airports with the largest traffic volume in each of the 9 flight information regions in mainland China is collected as the origin-destination (OD) air port pair demands.Based on traffic patterns,the model generates 35 air routes which successfully avoids 144 PRDs.Compared with the current air route network structure,the number of nodes decreases by 41.67％,while the total length of flight segments and air routes drop by 32.03％ and 5.82％ respectively.The NSLF decreases by 5.82％ with changes in the total length of the air route network.More importantly,the total operational cost of the whole network decreases by 6.22％.The computational results show the potential benefits of the model and the advantage of the algorithm.Optimization of air route network can significantly reduce operational cost while ensuring operation safety.     

硅半球深腔结构无损检测技术

半球深腔的加工质量是决定硅基MEMS半球陀螺精度的关键因素之一，及时检测半球深腔的形貌参数并将其反馈至加工过程，是确保高性能MEMS半球陀螺研制成功的重要措施。由于硅半球深腔的深度较大，台阶仪和光学显微成像系统无法对半球深腔的形貌特征进行有效测量。因此,需要将硅深腔结构剖开后采用扫描电镜(SEM)进行检测。这种检测方式时间周期长，且属于破坏性的样本检测，效率和测试精度都较低。提出以硅半球深腔为模具，利用PDMS铸模将硅半球深腔的结构尺寸和表面形貌转移到PDMS凸起的半球模型上，通过检测PDMS半球模型的尺寸结构和表面形貌，即可反推出硅半球深腔的尺寸特征。经实验验证，脱模后的PDMS模型可以准确地反映出半球深腔的尺寸信息，测量结果的不确定度小于5‰，有效解决了硅半球深腔无损检测的难题。     

一种卫星信道的反馈优化接入机制

提高卫星信道资源利用率，探索高效可行的端站接入机制是卫星通信发展亟待解决的问题之一。当前卫星通信DVB-RCS标准基于带宽预先规划的接入机制与端站随遇接入的需求矛盾凸显，因此提出一套信道反馈优化接入机制，综合考虑各端站数据业务需求，在不改变原有协议信令特征的基础上，探索性地引入谦虚度激励方法，创造性地构造动态协商反馈模型并加以求解，达到提高端站接入数量、满足随遇接入需求、提升信道利用效率、最大化整体带宽通信业务效益的目的。通过试验验证，带宽分配反馈优化机制比传统模式提高近1倍接入率，最大端站数接入时算法耗时约只有0.67s，可为卫星信道使用提供技术参考。     

几种生长模型参数的最小二乘估计方法及应用

提出一种Logistic模型、Gompertz模型、Mitscherlich模型和Bertallanffy模型的分布参数估计方法，这种方法以加权最小二乘法为基础，推导求解分布参数的方程组。利用这类曲线模型中参数形式的特点，使同时求解三个参数的问题简化为同时求解两个参数的问题，并给出求解参数耦合方程组的二重二分迭代法。预测地基沉降的计算实例表明，这种方法对于迭代初值的选取要求较低、求解速度快、精度高，而且通过选取权因子可以对已有数据实现“重近轻远”的处理。     

HED-21S数控综合实验台画笔自动控制机构设计

以数控系统的PLC控制为基础,设计HED-21S机械笔控制系统结构,它可控制电磁铁的动作,执行画笔的上下运动。这支笔在X、Z型十字窗格可以绘制任意几何形状,该设计符合要求的快速定位数控直线移动,及圆弧插补功能,有助于提高数控编程效率和数控教学质量。     

直升机风险科目“斜坡起降”驾驶要领探讨

直升机在执行“紧急救援”和“抗震救灾”等特殊任务过程中往往不得已要进行风险科目“斜坡起降”。在这种情况下，操作上稍有不慎就会酿成重大事故，有的新机型在进行“斜坡起降”这一科目试验时甚至请国外飞行员来完成这项工作。文章就直升机“仰坡起降”、“顺坡起降”、“左横坡起降”和“右横坡起降”的操作要领作几点阐述，供飞行试验工程技术人员和飞行人员参考。