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191.
Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) for the Advanced Composition Explorer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
McComas D.J. Bame S.J. Barker P. Feldman W.C. Phillips J.L. Riley P. Griffee J.W. 《Space Science Reviews》1998,86(1-4):563-612
The Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) experiment provides the bulk solar wind observations for the Advanced
Composition Explorer (ACE). These observations provide the context for elemental and isotopic composition measurements made
on ACE as well as allowing the direct examination of numerous solar wind phenomena such as coronal mass ejections, interplanetary
shocks, and solar wind fine structure, with advanced, 3-D plasma instrumentation. They also provide an ideal data set for
both heliospheric and magnetospheric multi-spacecraft studies where they can be used in conjunction with other, simultaneous
observations from spacecraft such as Ulysses. The SWEPAM observations are made simultaneously with independent electron and
ion instruments. In order to save costs for the ACE project, we recycled the flight spares from the joint NASA/ESA Ulysses
mission. Both instruments have undergone selective refurbishment as well as modernization and modifications required to meet
the ACE mission and spacecraft accommodation requirements. Both incorporate electrostatic analyzers whose fan-shaped fields
of view sweep out all pertinent look directions as the spacecraft spins. Enhancements in the SWEPAM instruments from their
original forms as Ulysses spare instruments include (1) a factor of 16 increase in the accumulation interval (and hence sensitivity)
for high energy, halo electrons; (2) halving of the effective ion-detecting CEM spacing from ∼5° on Ulysses to ∼2.5° for ACE;
and (3) the inclusion of a 20° conical swath of enhanced sensitivity coverage in order to measure suprathermal ions outside
of the solar wind beam. New control electronics and programming provide for 64-s resolution of the full electron and ion distribution
functions and cull out a subset of these observations for continuous real-time telemetry for space weather purposes.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
192.
The composition of Galactic Cosmic Ray Sources (GCRS) shows the following features: (i) an enhancement of the refractory elements
relative to the volatile ones, and (ii) an enhancement of the heavier volatile elements relative to the lighter ones; this
mass dependence should reflect a mass-to-charge (A/Q) dependence of the acceleration efficiency; among the refractory elements,
there is only a very weak enhancement of heavier species, or none at all. We consider it fortuitous that the GCRS composition
resembles that of the solar corona, which is biased according to first ionization potential. In a companion paper by Ellison
et al. (1998, this issue), this GCRS composition is interpreted in terms of a supernova shock wave acceleration of interstellar
and/or circumstellar (e.g., 22Ne-rich Wolf-Rayet wind) gas phase and especially dust grain material. These two papers summarize
and complement the content of two papers that recently appeared in Astrophys. J. (Meyer et al., 1997; Ellison et al., 1997).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
193.
Mahaffy P.R. Donahue T.M. Atreya S.K. Owen T.C. Niemann H.B. 《Space Science Reviews》1998,84(1-2):251-263
The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer measurements in the atmosphere of Jupiter give D/H = (2.6 ± 0.7) × 10-5 3He/4He = (1.66 ± 0.05) × 10-4These ratios supercede earlier results by Niemann et al. (1996) and are based on a reevaluation of the instrument response at high count rates and a more detailed study of the contributions of different species to the mass peak at 3 amu. The D/H ratio is consistent with Voyager and ground based data and recent spectroscopic and solar wind (SW) values obtained from the Infrared Spectroscopic Observatory (ISO) and Ulysses. The 3He/4He ratio is higher than that found in meteoritic gases (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-4. The Galileo result for D/H when compared with that for hydrogen in the local interstellar medium (1.6 ± 0.12) × 10-5 implies a small decrease in D/H in this part of the universe during the past 4.55 billion years. Thus, it tends to support small values of primordial D/H - in the range of several times 10-5 rather than several times 10-4. These results are also quite consistent with no change in (D+3He)/H during the past 4.55 billion years in this part of our galaxy. 相似文献
194.
John C. Raymond Raid Suleiman John L. Kohl Giancarlo Noci 《Space Science Reviews》1998,85(1-2):283-289
A great deal of evidence for elemental abundance variations among different structures in the solar corona has accumulated
over the years. Many of the observations show changes in the relative abundances of high- and low-First Ionization Potential
elements, but relatively few show the absolute elemental abundances. Recent observations from the SOHO satellite give absolute
abundances in coronal streamers. Along the streamer edges, and at low heights in the streamer, they show roughly photospheric
abundances for the low-FIP elements, and a factor of 3 depletion of high-FIP elements. In the streamer core at 1.5 R·, both
high- and low-FIP elements are depleted by an additional factor of 3, which appears to result from gravitational settling.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
195.
Marchi S. Asphaug E. Bell J. F. Bottke W. F. Jaumann R. Park R. S. Polanskey C. A. Prettyman T. H. Williams D. A. Binzel R. Oran R. Weiss B. Russell C. T. 《Space Science Reviews》2022,218(4):1-28
Space Science Reviews - Analysis of Homestake, Gallex and GNO measurements reveals evidence of variability of presumed solar-neutrino-flux measurements. Analysis of Super-Kamiokande neutrino... 相似文献
196.
A.R. Engel K. Beurle A. Bewick P.K.S. Harper J.J. Quenby N.J.C. Spooner A.G. Fenton K.B. Fenton A.B. Giles J.G. Greenhill D.M. Warren I.M. Martin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,3(10-12)
Hard X-ray balloon altitude measurements with a 1600 cm2 phoswich array are described. Data from observations on Sco X-1, GX1+4, GX5−1, Nova Oph. 1977, SMC X-1, SS433, IC 4329A and MR 2251-178 are presented. The role of Comptonisation in X-ray production for Sco X-1 and GX1+4 is discussed. 相似文献
197.
G. Hasinger W. Pietsch C. Reppin J. Trümper W. Voges E. Kendziorra R. Staubert 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,3(10-12)
The Crab was observed in a balloon flight from Palestine/Texas on 9/28/81 at hard X-ray energies (20–200 keV). The light curve is significantly sharper than reported previously for this energy range. The pulse-averaged as well as the interpulse spectra show breaks in our energy-range. The variation of spectral index across the pulse has an amplitude similar to that found at lower energies by OSO-8 and larger than reported by HEAO-1 A4 at hard X-rays. For a sharp emission line at 77 keV a 99% upper limit of 1.0*10−3 photons/ cm2 sec can be placed, a factor of 4 lower than line fluxes reported previously. Pulse-shape fits to the optical, X-ray, hard X-ray and gamma ray light-curves reveal a consistent picture of the origin of the interpulse and off-pulse emission, the breaks in the spectra and the variation of spectral index, providing arguments against a thermal component and also a polar cap emission model for NP0532. 相似文献
198.
M. Combes V. I. Moroz J. F. Crifo J. P. Bibring N. Coron J. Crovisier T. Encrenaz N. F. Sanko A. Grigoriev D. Bockele-Morvan R. Gispert C. Emerich J. M. Lamarre F. Rocard V. A. Krasnopolsky T. Owen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(12):127-131
Results of the 2.5–5 micron spectroscopic channel of the IKS instrument on Vega are reported and the data reduction process is described. H2O and CO2 molecules have been detected with production rates of 1030 s−1 and 1.5 1028 s−1 respectively. Emission features between 3.3 and 3.7 microns are tentatively attributed to CH - bearing compounds - CO is marginally detected with a mixing ratio CO/H2O 0.2. OH emission and H2O - ice absorption might also be present in the spectra. 相似文献
199.
E. C. Stone 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1989,9(12):15
The composition of anomalous cosmic rays (ACR), is thought to reflect that of the neutral atoms in the very local interstellar medium, such as helium, nitrogen and neon. Recent observations in the outer heliosphere have provided the first unambiguous evidence for ACR argon, carbon and hydrogen, as well, and a method has been developed to relate the ACR abundances to those of the interstellar medium. The observations also indicate persistent negative latitudinal gradients, opposite to that observed by Pioneer 11 during the previous minimum in solar activity. These and other results are consistent with the presence of gradient and curvature drift during solar minimum periods when the tilt of the interplanetary neutral sheet is small. 相似文献
200.
L. Maraschi G. C. Perola A. Treves 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(13):67-70
The possibility of explaining the continuous emission of active galactic nuclei in the frame of a model of spherical accretion onto a massive black hole is discussed. Cool inhomogeneities (T 104°K) within the accretion flow could be responsible for the broad line emission if half of the accreting matter is in the dense phase. A crucial test of this hypothesis is the expected correlation between the ratio of the luminosity in lines to the total luminosity and the hardness of the continuous spectrum. 相似文献