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921.
According to the informational theory of emotions, emotions in humans depend on the power of some need (motivation) and the estimation by the subject of the probability (possibility) of the need satisfaction (the goal achievement). Low probability of need satisfaction leads to negative emotions, actively minimized by the subject. Increased probability of satisfaction, as compared to earlier forecast, generates positive emotions, which the subject tries to maximize, i.e. to enhance, to prolong, to repeat. The informational theory of emotions encompasses their reflective function, the laws of their appearance, the regulatory significance of emotions, and their role in organization of behavior. The level of emotional stress influences the operator's performance. A decrease in the emotional tonus leads to drowsiness, lack of vigilance, missing of significant signals and to slower reactions. An extremely high stress level disorganizes the activity, complicates it with a trend toward incorrect actions and reactions to insignificant signals (false alarms). The neurophysiological mechanisms of the influence of emotions on perceptual activity and operator performance as well as the significance of individuality are discussed. 相似文献
922.
M. Grewing A. Vidal-Madjar A. Labeque C. Laurent A. Boksenberg C. Burgio S. di Serego Alighieri G.P. Whitcomb W. Burton C.I. Coleman R. Hoekstra C. Jamar J. Lequeux P. Rafanelli 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(4):147-151
Magellan is one of the future space projects being studied by the European Space Agency. The aim is to provide high resolution (λ/Δλ ≥ 2.5 × 104) spectra in the far and extreme UV (between 500 and 1550 Å) of faint galactic and extragalactic objects (V ≤ 16m). The instrument consists of a mechanical collimator, a concave holographic grating and a bidimensional photon-counting detector. A low resolution mode (λ/Δλ ≥ 103) will provide spectra of objects as faint as 18m.5. Magellan is planned as an observatory, operated in real time, and allowing interaction with the observer. 相似文献
923.
J.C. Henoux G. Chambe M. Semel B. Woodgate R. Shine J. Beckers 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(11):155-158
Linear polarization was observed in the S I 1437Å line in bright flaring points during the soft X-ray emission. The degree of polarization is about 25% and is detected at a signal to noise ratio of 2.9. The polarized electric vector is directed towards disk center to within 3°.This polarization could be due to collisional excitationm of S I by energetic electrons beamed in the vertical direction. We suggest that the heat flux in the region interconnecting the transition zone to the high chromosphere during the gradual phase of a flare could lead to an anisotropic excitation. Then the observed polarization would be due to vertical motions of the transition zone sweeping the preexisting chromosphere. 相似文献
924.
ROSETTA — the Comet Nucleus Sample Return mission — is one of the four Cornerstone missions to which ESA has committed itself in its approved Long-Term Programme Horizon 2000. The mission is currently being studied in collaboration with NASA. The comet-nucleus samples that ROSETTA is to provide will allow us to study some of the most primitive material in the solar system and the physical and chemical processes that marked the beginning of the system 4.6 billion years ago. For ESA, ROSETTA is a new type of mission: one which will return a sample at cryogenic temperature, and where as much effort has to be spent on preparing the laboratory analysis on-ground as has to be invested in preparing the space segment with the sample acquisition and in situ documentation. As part of the preparation for this mission, ESA is now starting to consider Planetary Protection issues. 相似文献
925.
The issues associated with processing the outputs of an integrating acoustooptical spectrum analyzer (AOSA) to detect and identify the frequency and power of continuous wave (CW) signals are considered. The performance of the optimum detection strategy is presented, along with the Cramer-Rao bound on the performance of estimators of the frequency, and the performance of a simple peak-based frequency estimator. The performance of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the power level is also presented. The results provide the behavior of the system as a function of the product of the aperture time and photodetector spacing amongst other parameters 相似文献
926.
Hamlen R.P. Hoge W.H. Hunter J.A. O'Callaghan W.B. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1991,6(10):11-14
Advances in aluminum-air batteries are described. These include alloys that show higher efficiencies and therefore lower hydrogen evolution, low-cost air cathodes that can be fabricated in production quantities, and methods for handling the aluminum hydroxide reaction product. Emphasis is placed on the advances in air cathodes. The application of this technology to new products and the implications for electric vehicles are discussed 相似文献
927.
C E Swenberg L S Myers J H Miller 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):181-201
The relation between the site of energy deposition and the site of its biological action is an important question in radiobiology. Even at 77 degrees K, evidence is clear that these two sites must be separated since energy deposition is random but specific products are formed. Several processes that may contribute to this separation are: 1) hole migration and stabilization through deprotonation to give neutral oxidation product radicals; 2) electron trapping and transfer to form specific radical anions, possibly followed by protonation to give neutral reduction product radicals; and 3) recombination of spatially separated charges or radicals. These microscopic processes will be reviewed critically in an analysis using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) evidence for and against long-range transfer of energy and/or charge in frozen, hydrated DNA. 相似文献
928.
The objective of the advanced launch system (ALS) program is to develop a family of launch vehicles which provides a substantial improvement in reliability, operability, and economy over existing systems. This requires that autopilot design and verification procedures be of minimum sensitivity to recurring costs while providing adequate, but not necessarily optimal, vehicle performance. One approach to accomplishing this task, namely, the utilization of advanced control design and analysis techniques, is considered. It is shown that the techniques, which represent a cross-section of developments in control theory, attempt to solve the ALS control problem in one of two ways: given increased knowledge of the launch vehicle and its environment, through greater model fidelity and additional sensor data; and autopilot design in the presence of quantified model/disturbance uncertainties and less stringent sensing requirements. It is concluded that the methods are promising and cost effective 相似文献
929.
Oli P.V.S. Nagarajan N. Rayan H.R. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1993,29(3):696-705
The concept of meridian orbits is briefly reviewed. It is shown that, if a satellite in the meridian orbit makes an odd number (>1) of revolutions per day, then the satellite passes over the same set of meridians twice a day. Satellites in such orbits pass over the same portion of the sky twice a day and every day. This enables a user to adopt a programmed mode of tracking, thereby avoiding a computational facility for orbit prediction, look angle generation, and auto tracking. A constellation of 38 or more satellites placed in a 1200-km altitude circular orbit is favorable for global communications due to various factors. It is shown that appropriate phasing in right ascension of the ascending node and mean anomaly results in a constellation wherein each satellite appears over the user's horizon one satellite after another. Visibility and coverage plots are provided to verify the continuous coverage 相似文献
930.
Chistopher H.A. Gilman S. Hamlen R.P. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1993,8(5):7-10
The current status and thrust of the US Army Research Laboratory's battery and fuel cell R&D programs that support emerging electronic battlefield equipment applications are reviewed. Major technical barriers are identified along with the approaches proposed to solve these anticipated problems 相似文献