Heavy ion observations by MARIE in cruise phase and Mars orbit

The charged particle spectrum for nuclei from protons to neon, (charge Z=10) was observed during the cruise phase and orbit around Mars by the MARIE charged particle spectrometer on the Odyssey spacecraft. The cruise data were taken between April 23, 2001 and mid-August 2001. The Mars orbit data were taken March 5, 2002 through May 2002 and are scheduled to continue until August 2004. Charge peaks are clearly separated for charges up to Z=10. Especially prominent are the carbon and oxygen peaks, with boron and nitrogen also clearly visible. Although heavy ions are much less abundant than protons in the cosmic ray environment, it is important to determine their abundances because their ionization energy losses (proportional to Z²) are far more dangerous to humans and to instruments. Thus the higher charged nuclei make a significant contribution to dose and dose equivalent received in space. Results of the charged particle spectrum measurements will be reported.     

空间细胞机器人系统关键技术及其应用

针对传统空间操控装置难以适应未来大型空间设施在轨建设的问题,提出一种能够实现多层次自重构的空间细胞机器人系统,并对其概念体系以及设计理念进行了分析。介绍了空间三角桁架装配场景下的空间细胞机器人系统硬件设计。提出了空间细胞机器人系统关键技术,包括多智能体协同不确定行为规划、多层次机器人系统构型决策、多智能体协同无环境地图自主导航以及多智能体分层协同分布式控制等。最后结合空间细胞机器人系统的特点与优势,对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于2.5维小型化设计的UHF频段高性能超材料吸波体

提出一种基于2.5维小型化设计的高性能超材料吸波体,其吸波频带覆盖全球范围内超高频射频识别(Ultrahigh-frequency radio frequeny identification,UHF-RFID)系统工作频段。该吸波体结构借助多个金属化过孔增加回路电长度进行小型化并拓展吸波带宽,通过单独调节上下表面衰减电阻阻值缩小此过程中介质板厚度带来的极化差异。单元尺寸被缩小至13.6 mm×13.6 mm,约为中心频率波长的1/60。仿真和实验结果表明,该2.5维小型化高性能超材料吸波体在840～960 MHz的频带范围内平均吸收率超过99%,相比已公开文献,95%吸波带宽提高45%以上,可用于改善受限空间中RFID系统的可靠性。     

The Emergence of Life

The Rosetta observations have greatly advanced our knowledge of the cometary nucleus and its immediate environment. However, constraints on the mission (both planned and unplanned), the only partially successful Philae lander, and other instrumental issues have inevitably resulted in open questions. Surprising results from the many successful Rosetta observations have also opened new questions, unimagined when Rosetta was first planned. We discuss these and introduce several mission concepts that might address these issues. It is apparent that a sample return mission as originally conceived in the 1980s during the genesis of Rosetta would provide many answers but it is arguable whether it is technically feasible even with today’s technology and knowledge. Less ambitious mission concepts are described to address the suggested main outstanding scientific goals.

     

The GOES-16 Spacecraft Science Magnetometer

Space Science Reviews - The Modular Multispectral Imaging Array (MMIA) is a suite of optical sensors mounted on an external platform of the European Space Agency’s Columbus Module on the...     

植酸酶发酵过程控制系统设计

设计基于研华工控机和ADAM模块发酵过程控制系统,介绍该系统的软、硬件结构与功能,以及发酵过程参数的优化控制方法。     

The CELSS Test Facility project: an example of a CELSS flight experiment system.

The CELSS Test Facility (CTF) is a device for measuring crop plant productivity in the micro-gravity environment of Space Station Freedom. It will allow us to address questions of crop productivity in space, versus that on the ground. The crop productivity factors that will be measured are rates of: 1) biomass production, 2) food production, 3) O2 and CO2 exchange, and 4) water transpiration. In addition, other productivity factors of specific crops will be determined, such as : 1) the ratio of edible to inedible biomass (harvest index), 2) leaf area exposed to and collecting light (leaf area index), 3) ratio of root mass to total biomass, and 4) photosynthetic efficiency (ratio of moles of CO2 fixed (or O2 produced), per mole of photons of specific energies used). Plant and crop morphology, at several levels, ranging from the community to the sub-cellular, will also be evaluated.     

基于自适应波形设计的天基雷达目标检测方法

针对天基雷达检测海面目标时杂波特性复杂、场景变化迅速和信杂比低的问题,文中提出一种基于波形自适应设计的目标检测方法。这种方法将每个驻留时间分拆为若干个子驻留,在第1个子驻留上发射线性调频脉冲,并进行预检测和杂波协方差估计。在后续子驻留中采用多粒子滤波技术对杂波协方差进行动态更新,以适应天基雷达杂波的快速变化。进而在后续子驻留中利用平均平方优化技术自适应的设计波形,并进行主成分分析和广义似然比检验,以提高信杂比和实现恒虚警率检测。最后,文中将海杂波建模为复合高斯过程、将目标建模为若干个具有确定但未知散射幅值的散射体,并进行仿真实验。结果表明,在尖峰性海杂波环境和天基监视雷达配置条件下,用这种目标检测方法实现可靠检测所需的信杂比降低约9dB,可有效改善对弱小目标的检测效果。     

Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) investigation will use a 2-megapixel color camera with a focusable macro lens aboard the rover, Curiosity, to investigate the stratigraphy and grain-scale texture, structure, mineralogy, and morphology of geologic materials in northwestern Gale crater. Of particular interest is the stratigraphic record of a ～5?km thick layered rock sequence exposed on the slopes of Aeolis Mons (also known as Mount Sharp). The instrument consists of three parts, a?camera head mounted on the turret at the end of a robotic arm, an electronics and data storage assembly located inside the rover body, and a calibration target mounted on the robotic arm shoulder azimuth actuator housing. MAHLI can acquire in-focus images at working distances from ～2.1?cm to infinity. At the minimum working distance, image pixel scale is ～14?μm per pixel and very coarse silt grains can be resolved. At the working distance of the Mars Exploration Rover Microscopic Imager cameras aboard Spirit and Opportunity, MAHLI’s resolution is comparable at ～30?μm per pixel. Onboard capabilities include autofocus, auto-exposure, sub-framing, video imaging, Bayer pattern color interpolation, lossy and lossless compression, focus merging of up to 8 focus stack images, white light and longwave ultraviolet (365 nm) illumination of nearby subjects, and 8 gigabytes of non-volatile memory data storage.     

基于在高原机场降落的喷气运输机QAR数据的飞行特性分析(英文)

Flight data of a twin-jet transport aircraft in revenue flight are analyzed for potential safety problems.Data from the quick access recorder (QAR) are first filtered through the kinematic compatibilit...