Sequential nonlinear tracking using UKF and raw range-rate measurements

The three-dimensional (3D) converted measurements filtering (CMF) with both converted position and raw range-rate measurement is proposed to solve the Doppler radar target tracking, where the error between radar-target range and range rate are correlated. Firstly, not using pseudomeasurement constructed by product of range and range rate to reduce the high nonlinearity, the raw range-rate measurements are utilized by unscented Kalman filter (UKF), where the converted errors of the position and the range rate are decorrelated, then linear part (position measurements) and nonlinear part (range-rate measurement) are sequentially processed by Kalman filter (KF) and UKF. Secondly, based on the assumption of small measurement error, the mean and covariance of converted measurement errors are derived by second-order Taylor series expansion. Finally, the influence of the correlated coefficient rho between the range and range rate, and the range-rate noise deviation sigma_r are taken into account and extreme values of rho and sigma_r are used in Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the proposed method is, in a sense, effective and practical     

Implementing digital terrain data in knowledge-aided space-time adaptive processing

Many practical problems arise when implementing digital terrain data in airborne knowledge-aided (KA) space-time adaptive processing (STAP). This paper addresses these issues and presents solutions with numerical implementations. In particular, using digital land classification data and digital elevation data, techniques are developed for registering these data with radar return signals, correcting for Doppler and spatial misalignments, adjusting for antenna gain, characterizing clutter patches for secondary data selection, and ensuring independent secondary data samples. These techniques are applied to select secondary data for a single-bin post-Doppler STAP algorithm using multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) program data. Results with the KA approach are compared with those obtained using the standard sliding window method for choosing secondary data. These results illustrate the benefits of using terrain information, a priori data about the radar, and the importance of statistical independence when selecting secondary data for improving STAP performance     

考虑非线性扭转影响的薄壁梁翘曲特性分析

 考虑翘曲和大扭角变形的影响,研究薄壁梁结构轴向与扭转非线性耦合弹性变形问题。忽略高阶非线性的影响,结合升阶谱有限元方法,形成对称的非线性几何矩阵,从而建立一个稳定的非线性方程数值解模型。针对矩形截面薄壁梁结构,通过与线性结果对比,分析非线性对截面翘曲正应力、自由端转角的影响。     

The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

基于服务发现的网络性能测量系统体系结构研究

 在分析现有网络性能测量技术的基础上, 提出了一种新型的面向服务的网络性能测量系统的体系结构, 旨在将网络性能测量作为网络基础设施的一个组成部分, 为用户提供基于服务发现的透明访问。介绍了该系统的体系结构以及主要组件的系统设计。     

Huygens' Surface Science Package

The design and performance of the Surface Science Package (SSP) on the Huygens probe are discussed. This instrument consists of nine separate sensors that are designed to measure a wide range of physical properties of Titan's lower atmosphere, surface, and sub-surface. By measuring a number of physical properties of the surface it is expected that the SSP will be able to constrain the inferred composition and structure of the moon's near-surface environment. Although the SSP is primarily designed to sense properties of the surface, some of its sensors will also make measurements of the atmosphere along the probe's entry path and will complement the data gathered by other experiments on the Huygens probe. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hardware-Constrained Hybrid Coding of Video Imagery

The design, implementation, and performance of a video bandwidth compression system is described. In this system, compression is obtained by several methods including the use of DCT/DCPM hybrid coding, frame rate reduction, and resolution reduction. The overall compression ratio is up to 1000:1. The hardware-constrained design of the DCT and the DPCM is described and a new method is derived to solve the optimum integer bit-assignment problem associated with the block quantization process in the DPCM. Computer simulation results are presented which predict that the performance of the system using the derived optimal bit assignment method is superior to those obtained by other bit assignment methods. The real-time hybrid coding system design is optimized for a set of ?modified? average statistics to compress a wide variety of input video images. This approach eliminates the problem of nonzero dc mean value which could otherwise cause serious degradations in the system performance. The compression system is fully implemented and the quality of the reconstructed video as predicted by computer simulation has been demonstrated by the actual hardware performance. The PSNR of the reconstructed imagery is in excess of 36 dB at 2 bits per pixel.     

A coarse/fine search PN code acquisition scheme

A parallel two-stage acquisition technique is described for direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) range finding applications. The technique offers hardware complexity that scales better with code length than matched filter correlators while providing better performance than sequential detection using comparable hardware     

Calculation of resonance current in high-frequency series-resonanceDC-DC converters

A method to calculate the resonance current in high-frequency series-resonant DC-DC converters is presented that includes the effect of the reverse-bias capacitance of output rectifiers and that of the primary inductance of the output transformer. A computer program developed as a tool to determine the amplitude of the resonance current for any given input and output conditions is also discussed. The results of the computer calculations agree well with experimental measurements     

喷嘴雾化特性模糊评判模型

利用模糊综合评判法构造喷嘴雾化模糊关系矩阵，建立了描述喷嘴雾化特性的模糊数学模型，利用该模型分别对不同工况下的空气雾化喷嘴，离心式喷嘴雾化特征进行了理论计算，通过聚类，对5种实验工况进行了分类，计算的分类情况与实验结果基本一致，对空气雾化喷嘴，离心式喷嘴不同实验工况的雾化效果进行了正确的评判。