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501.
502.
We review observations from Voyager 2 of CIRs and merged CIRs in the outer heliosphere. The rather simple characteristics
of the CIR-associated changes in plasma, magnetic field, and particles become more complex as observations are made at greater
and greater distances. Pickup ions from charge exchange undoubtedly play an important role in the structure, but the full
details are not yet understood.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
503.
单晶铝纳米级硬度试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用纳米硬度计对单晶铝进行了纳米压痕试验,利用原子力显微镜对压痕形貌进行扫描并计算硬度值,重点观察和分析了纳米级条件下单晶铝的硬度性质,结果表明,当压痕深度小于2000nm时,单晶铝纳米硬度存在尺寸效应现象;从材料性质的角度分析了纳米硬度尺寸效应现象;探讨了纳米硬度和传统硬度本质上的区别,指出其根本原因在于不同尺度下人们对材料性质的关注点不同。 相似文献
504.
The results of research in a process of a probe rocket berthing to an asteroid are presented. Control laws were obtained as solutions of three problems, namely berthing considering transient processes in a rocket engine, fastest berthing with regard to fuel consumption and berthing in a scheduled time considering fuel consumption. A program trajectory obtained at solving of the first problem is suitable for mathematical modeling of berthing with the feedback control law and stabilization of angular motion. The solutions of the problems are reduced to simple formulas for controlling parameters calculation in the corresponding structures of control laws. The results can be applied in designing promising space vehicles intended for berthing to other space objects. 相似文献
505.
Yu. V. Klochkov A. P. Nikolaev A. A. Shubovich S. S. Marchenko 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2013,56(4):327-334
In this paper, we present an algorithm for geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of the shells of revolution. Use is made of the most proper algorithms for vector interpolation of displacements through the nodal unknowns and an efficient algorithm for obtaining the stress-strain increment relation at a step of loading. By comparing the results of analyzing a geometrically nonlinear shell of revolution obtained on the basis of the ANSYS software with the scalar interpolation of displacements with those obtained on the basis of an author-developed finite element, it has been shown that application of the FEM vector displacement interpolation leads to increasing the accuracy of the finite element solutions in analyzing the stress-strain state of the geometrically nonlinear shells. 相似文献
506.
Messenger S. Stadermann F.J. Floss C. Nittler L.R. Mukhopadhyay S. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,106(1-4):155-172
Interplanetary dust particles collected in the stratosphere frequently exhibit enrichments in deuterium (D) and 15N relative to terrestrial materials. These effects are most likely due to the preservation of presolar interstellar materials.
While the elevated D/H ratios probably resulted from mass fractionation during chemical reactions at very low < 100 K temperatures,
the origin of the N isotopic anomalies remains unresolved. The bulk of the N-bearing material may have obtained its isotopic
signatures from low temperature chemistry, but a nucleosynthetic origin is also possible.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
507.
Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for
interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of
electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions
as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory
is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are
bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
508.
Neugebauer M. Steinberg J.T. Tokar R.L. Barraclough B.L. Dors E.E. Wiens R.C. Gingerich D.E. Luckey D. Whiteaker D.B. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,105(3-4):661-679
Some of the objectives of the Genesis mission require the separate collection of solar wind originating in different types
of solar sources. Measurements of the solar wind protons, alpha particles, and electrons are used on-board the spacecraft
to determine whether the solar-wind source is most likely a coronal hole, interstream flow, or a coronal mass ejection. A
simple fuzzy logic scheme operating on measurements of the proton temperature, the alpha-particle abundance, and the presence
of bidirectional streaming of suprathermal electrons was developed for this purpose. Additional requirements on the algorithm
include the ability to identify the passage of forward shocks, reasonable levels of hysteresis and persistence, and the ability
to modify the algorithm by changes in stored constants rather than changes in the software. After a few minor adjustments,
the algorithm performed well during the initial portion of the mission.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
509.
Kamide Y. Kihn E.A. Ridley A.J. Cliver E.W. Kadowaki Y. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):307-316
We report the recent progress in our joint program of real-time mapping of ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned
currents through the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS) at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and
similar computer systems in the world. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected
by these systems and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE magnetogram-inversion algorithms, which calculate the two-dimensional
distribution of the ionospheric parameters. One of the goals of this program is to specify the solar-terrestrial environment
in terms of ionospheric processes, providing the scientific community with more than what geomagnetic activity indices and
statistical models provide.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
510.
Moore T.E. Collier M.R. Fok M.-C. Fuselier S.A. Khan H. Lennartsson W. Simpson D.G. Wilson G.R. Chandler M.O. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,109(1-4):351-371
Development of the low energy neutral atom (LENA) imager was originally motivated by a need to remotely sense plasma heating in the topside ionosphere, with the goal of greatly enhanced temporal resolution of an otherwise familiar phenomenon. During ground test and calibration, the LENA imager was found to respond to neutral atoms with energies well above its nominal energy range of 10–750 eV, up to at least 3–4 keV, owing to sputtering interactions with its conversion surface. On orbit, LENA has been found to respond to a ubiquitous neutral atom component of the solar wind, to the neutral atoms formed by magnetosheath interactions with the geocorona during periods of high solar wind pressure, and to the interstellar neutral atoms flowing through the heliosphere during the season of maximal relative wind velocity between spacecraft and interstellar medium. LENA imaging has thus emerged as a promising new tool for studying the interplanetary medium and its interaction with the magnetosphere, in addition to the ionospheric heating and outflow that result from this interaction. LENA emissions from the ionosphere consist of a fast component that can be observed at high altitudes, and slower components that evidently create a quasi-trapped extended superthermal exosphere. The more energetic emissions are responsive to solar wind energy inputs on time scales of a few minutes. 相似文献