RTK model and positioning performance analysis using Galileo four-frequency observations

This paper proposes a real-time kinematic (RTK) model that uses one common reference satellite for the Galileo system with four frequency observations. In the proposed model, the double-differenced (DD) pseudorange and carrier phase biases among the different frequencies are estimated as unknown parameters to recover the integer features of the DD ambiguities among the different frequencies for ambiguity resolution and precise positioning. Analysis results show that the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies have virtually the same performance in terms of the positioning accuracy, observation residuals, and ratio values of ambiguity resolution. However, the E1 frequency performs worse than the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies. The RTK results for the combination of multiple frequencies are much better than those for a single-frequency observation, the coordinates’ standard deviation is improved about 20–30%, and the ambiguity fix time is improved about 10%.     

Generalised variational assimilation of cloud-affected brightness temperature using simulated hyper-spectral atmospheric infrared sounder data

Assimilated channel brightness temperature data from infrared sounders accounting for cloud effects have a positive effect on weather forecasting, especially in weather-sensitive areas. When cloud effects are included, the channel brightness temperature deviations follow a non-Gaussian distribution. However, classical variational data assimilation follows a Gaussian distribution. When processing the cloud-affected brightness temperature, useful data are lost through the cloud detection process, thus assimilating some channel brightness temperatures with weight function peaks above the cloud top. Furthermore, strict quality control of brightness temperature removes outliers. By adopting the generalised variational assimilation method, which assumes that errors follow a non-Gaussian distribution, this paper assimilates the cloud-affected brightness temperature using simulated data for the hyper-spectral atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS). A channel set is formed by dynamically selecting AIRS channels. The experiments for retrieving temperature and humidity data demonstrate that the generalised variational assimilated cloud-affected brightness temperature method performs better than the classical method.     

砝码磁性测量过程中几何形状修正因子的计算与影响

通过一系列实验和数据,讨论用磁化率计法测量砝码磁性时各测量分量对砝码磁化率测量结果的影响,并着重分析了砝码几何形状修正因子的测量与确定,比较不同测量方式的特点,以求减少砝码磁性测量时的误差。     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

高级教练机训练模拟器发展趋势分析

现代飞行员培训普遍采用综合训练系统(TTS),训练模拟器是其中的重要组成部分。如何使训练模拟器能够快速、有效地培训飞行员,且具有一定的可持续发展能力,已成为训练模拟器的发展必需解决的问题。本文通过总结国内外训练模拟器的发展情况及分析高级教练机训练模拟器的特点,提出了高级教练机训练模拟器发展的相关建议和思路。     

航天器安全防护保障探讨

把对航天器安全的威胁分为硬和软两大类，分析了对航天器产生威胁的类别，以及为保证航天器安全而需要采取的措施。介绍了研究的内容，需要建设的空间信息对抗系统和空间信息探测网。     

民机节油策略研究

节油是航空公司的长效措施,各航空公司均很重视。从飞行具体环节出发,基于性能研究民机节油策略,给出飞行前重量、重心、APU 使用和滑行等措施分析和建议,并给出起飞、爬升、巡航、下降和进近着陆的经济飞行节油策略分析和建议。通过对飞行具体环节节油策略的研究,提出重视飞行计划优化和执行的思路,案例分析优化效果,对比分析现有飞行计划方法,得出飞机制造商提供包含飞行计划和QAR(Quick Access Recorder)分析系统等的整体IT解决方案,是提升节油效果的一个性价比很高的选择的结论。     

柴油发动机热管理系统的高度特性

基于空中和高原环境的特点,研究了柴油发动机散热器传热性能的高度特性;进一步建立了发动机热管理系统的流动和传热模型,研究了热管理系统的高度特性;给出了基于最小功耗原则的热管理系统运行参数匹配方法.在固定系统热负荷条件下的计算结果表明:随着海拔高度的增加,在空中环境下,散热器的散热性能先上升后下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度先下降后上升,热管理系统所需的最小功耗先减小后增加;在高原环境下,散热器的散热性能随高度增加大幅下降,热管理系统中冷却液和润滑油温度大幅上升,发动机出现过热问题,为了给发动机提供足够的散热能力,热管理系统所需要的最小功耗随着海拔高度的增加而大幅增加.