民用飞机预冷器设计点选取方法研究

预冷器是民用飞机气源系统温度调节的重要部件,若发生超温将导致系统自动关闭,影响下游机翼防冰系统和空调等系统用气需求,对飞机安全性有重要影响,因此研究预冷器设计点满足温度调节需求对气源系统设计有着重要意义。首先分析了预冷器换热性能影响关系,进而对其性能影响因素进行分析,主要包括环境条件信息,飞机状态信息,气源系统引气构型。然后根据经验公式对某机型不同工况条件下预冷器换热功率因子进行计算。计算结果表明在严酷引气构型双发单引气条件下,极热天巡航或待机状态下,低高度、低马赫数、低重量条件为预冷器设计点。通过计算严酷工况下预冷器热边出口温度,对预冷器设计点进行校核,计算结果表明预冷器热边出口温度均满足预冷器预期温度,说明预冷器设计点选取满足设计需求。     

美国阿尔忒弥斯载人登月计划进展

自美国20世纪70年代通过阿波罗计划实现载人登月后,人类再也没有踏上过月球表面。近年来随着深空探测活动的再次兴起,美国启动了新一轮的载人登月计划,即阿尔忒弥斯载人登月计划。这项由NASA主导、多方参与的登月计划,目标不仅是将美国宇航员再次送上月球,还要在月球建立长期运营基地,并为后续的载人探火行动奠定基础。文章对这一计划所涉及的战略部署及任务要素进行了概述,涵盖登月着陆点选择、运载火箭与飞船、着陆器与有效载荷、“门户”绕月空间站以及商业航天的参与。最后讨论了美国阿尔忒弥斯计划对我国未来探月工程的启示。     

高速面铣刀CAM系统开发

针对高速铣刀数控加工程序编制过程繁琐、工作量大、难于掌握等现状,开发了UG平台下的高速面铣刀CAM模块。采用优化的加工工艺方案,通过UG/open API的UF程序在后台调用UGCAM的操作命令。初步实现刀具、加工方式及加工参数选择的自动化。     

某型飞机连接件疲劳试验连接螺栓头失效分析

对某型飞机连接件疲劳试验厚板试件进行受载分析并对典型的脱落螺栓头失效件进行了金相分析,通过试验提出提供更大刚度支持,设计了专门复合夹具,解决了失效问题。研究结果为拉剪搭接形式的航空连接结构件的失效预防提供了试验支持,同时对于厚板连接件的疲劳试验方案的改进具有指导意义。     

复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力的数值模拟

采用商业软件对带有铝板的复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力进行数值模拟计算。在固化过程的模拟中,应用有限元法计算复合材料层板热-化学模型,有限差分法计算固化动力学模型,通过设置较小的时间步实现求解两个模型强耦合的关系。在残余应力数值模拟中,化学收缩引起的应变在每一计算步以初始应变施加在复合材料结构上。基于以上技术,对带有铝合金的复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力演化进行数值模拟,并分析纤维方向和垂直纤维方向复合材料的残余应变/应力演化历程。通过与试验中层板曲率的比较,验证文中模型计算的准确性。     

非紧致气动噪声半空间传播基本解的边界积分方法

为了获得低马赫数流动诱发的非紧致气动噪声在半空间内传播的基本解,结合复等效源方法和边界元方法建立了半空间精确格林函数的边界积分方程,当半空间边界为刚度型阻抗边界时可避免奇异性积分。同时基于等效源方法提出一种半空间二维非紧致圆柱声散射模型,推导了静止介质中声散射基本解的理论表达式。对静止介质中的二维圆柱声散射,数值解在研究的频率与观察点处与理论解一致。采用数值方法计算二维圆柱绕流诱发的半空间声场基本解,结果显示半空间边界强化了声源的声辐射能力,小于马赫数0.2的介质运动对声传播的影响可以忽略。     

碳纳米管阵列推力器放电特性的数值模拟研究

基于直接蒙特卡洛(DSMC)算法、浸入式有限元算法(IFE)、粒子云及蒙特卡洛碰撞(PIC-MCC)算法以及Ammosov-Delone-Krainov(ADK)隧穿电离模型建立了碳纳米管阵列推力器工质气体和CNT场电离过程的三维仿真模型。利用文献中的实验数据对本文仿真模型的有效性进行了验证,结果表明本文仿真模型与实验结果基本一致。针对碳纳米管阵列推力器的放电特性进行了研究,并重点分析了离子与原子碰撞过程对碳纳米管阵列推力器放电特性的影响。结果表明CNT可以极大地增强局部电场,稳态时场增强因子约为1308;与原子的碰撞使得离子在CNT附近更加集中,降低了局部电场,进而降低了其场增强能力。     

高温环境下大尺度薄壁结构的电性能优化设计

考虑温度引起的热变形和材料电磁参数变化对天线罩电性能的影响,基于口径积分-表面积分法(AI-SI)和有限元法(FEM),提出了高温环境下天线罩电性能分析方法;进而基于粒子群算法(PSO),建立了计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化流程。分别选取常温环境、均匀高温环境和非均匀高温环境三种典型工况,对比研究了温度对天线罩电性能的影响规律,并对天线罩电性能进行了优化,研究结果表明:高温会引起天线罩透波系数的下降和瞄准误差的上升,在天线罩优化设计中应重视温度对电性能的影响;计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化方法能显著提升天线罩的透波系数、降低瞄准误差,具有良好的优化效果。     

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

Predicting lean blow-off of bluffbody stabilized flames based on Damköhler number

Lean Blow-Off(LBO) prediction is important to propulsion system design. In this paper,a hybrid method combining numerical simulation and Da(Damk?hler) model is proposed based on bluffbody stabilized flames. In the simulated reacting flow, Practical Reaction Zone(PRZ) is built based on OH radical concentration, and it is considered to be the critical zone that controls LBO.Da number is obtained based on the volume-averaged parameters of PRZ. The flow time scale(s_f)indicates the residence time of the fresh mixture flowing through the PRZ. It is obtained based on the characteristic length and volume-averaged axial velocity of the PRZ. The chemical time scale(s_c) indicates the shortest time needed to trigger the reaction of the mixture. It is obtained by commercial software CHEMKIN through monitoring the transient variation of the reactor temperature. The result shows that the average Da number under different LBO conditions is 1.135(the Da number under each LBO condition ranges from 0.673 to 1.351). This indicates that the flow time scale and chemical time scale are comparable. The combustion is in a critical state where LBO is easy to occur. With the increase of the fuel mass flow rate(the global fuel/air ratio increases from 0.004761 to 0.01095), s_f increases from 0.001268 s to 0.007249 s, and s_c decreases from 0.00124 s to0.00089 s. Accordingly, Da number increases from 1.023 to 8.145, which shows that the combustion becomes more stable. The above results show that the method proposed in the present study can properly predict the LBO limits of combustors, which provides important technical supports for combustor design and optimization.