准一维传热下冷面绝热边界材料对隔热试验结果的影响

为评估冷面绝热边界对试验结果的影响,在充分验证测控系统可控性和试验方法稳定性的基础上,分别以柔性隔热毡、刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界,对陶瓷纤维刚性隔热材料进行500℃、3 000s的石英灯热辐射考核试验,并利用迭代绝热边界当量热导率的方法对试验结果进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明,以柔性隔热毡为冷面绝热边界时隔热材料的冷面温度最高,刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界时则冷面温度较低且相近,3者间最大相对偏差高达19.0%。模拟计算证实由冷面绝热边界材料引起的接触热阻对试验结果起到了决定性作用,而不简单地取决于绝热边界材料的隔热性能。     

Numerical modelling of radiance of the presumed dust torus around Mars in the 0.350–1 μm spectral range

With the use of high performance liquid chromatography the products of abiogenic synthesis of adenine nucleotides in solid films were indentified and estimated quantitatively. The main products of photosynthesis appeared to be adenosine and deoxyadenosine monophosphates. Maximal yield of these products in case of adenosine has been 0.36 for 5′AMP, 0.41% for 2′(3′)AMP, 0.20 for 2′3′cAMP; in case of deoxyadenosine 0.13% for 5′dAMP, 0.15% for 3′dAMP, 0.24% for 3′5′cdAMP. The destruction of initial adenosine and deoxyadenosine by the end of the experiment was 10 and 15%, respectively. By the increasing of irradiation dose, 5′AMP and 5′dAMP synthesized in the cource of VUV photolysis were destructed up to adenine, its yield being 15% in both cases.     

Women''s place in space exploration

A Mars manned space mission would be characterized by long-lasting psycho-social stress for its human participants. Based on the results of our and other authors' experiments with small human groups under simulated space stress conditions, and bearing in mind historical evidence of the changing role of women in human society, the differences of feminine and masculine cognitive patterns should be taken into greater account. Participation of women in astronautics should be reconsidered from the point of view of the roles of women as members of a space ship crew, as members of a space control centre and in relation to the family life of male astronauts on long-term space missions.     

小卫星星座自主定轨的论证与仿真

在建立星座自主定轨条件方程的基础上,对其求解的可行性进行了分析、论证和仿真计算。结果表明：在仅考虑一阶摄动理论的情况下,升交点赤经总是秩亏的,即使考虑更精密的摄动模型,其条件方程也近似病态。其它根数在很多情况下也有相关性。因此,为了最大限度地满足自主定轨的要求,在星座结构设计时应尽量考虑不同类型轨道的卫星。     

Graviperception in ciliates: steps in the transduction chain.

Ciliates represent suitable model systems to study the mechanisms of graviperception and signal transduction as they show clear gravity-induced behavioural responses (gravitaxis and gravikinesis). The cytoplasm seems to act as a "statolith" stimulating mechanosensitive ion channels in the cell membrane. In order to test this hypothesis, electrophysiological studies with Stylonychia mytilus were performed, revealing the proposed changes (de- or hyperpolarization) depending on the cell's spatial orientation. The behaviour of Paramecium and Stylonychia was also analyzed during variable acceleration conditions of parabolic flights (5th German Parabolic Flight Campaign, 2003). The corresponding data confirm the relaxation of the graviresponses in microgravity as well as the existence of thresholds of graviresponses, which are found to be in the range of 0.4xg (gravikinesis) and 0.6xg (gravitaxis).     

DNA structures and radiation injury.

In the present paper experimental results from radiobiological investigations of the sedimentation behaviour of damaged and restored DNA-subunits attached to the nuclear membrane have been summarized. The studies were carried out preferably with Chinese Hamster cells V79-4 irradiated with different kinds of radiation (gamma-rays, neutrons and carbon ions) using the nucleoid sedimentation technique. Single-strand breaks relax the supercoiled DNA in the subunits resulting in a decreased sedimentation velocity. Rejoining leads to a correct restoration of the structure as can be studied by means of postincubation irradiation. Double-strand breaks release DNA fragments, again leading to an increased sedimentation velocity. If the average number of the induced double-strand breaks per subunit increases to a number higher than one, the measured results suggest that the structures should not be restored completely. The results are compatible with a new repair model developed in our laboratory on the assumption that, firstly, the single DNA subunits are the sensitive target rather than the whole DNA and, secondly, the repair of DNA damage takes place independently in each subunit.     

Protozoa as model systems for the study of cellular responses to altered gravity conditions.

The orientation behavior of Paramecium changed in a similar way after transition to conditions of free-fall in a sounding rocket and after transition to conditions of simulated weightlessness on a fast rotating clinostat. After a period of residual orientation, Paramecium cells distributed themselves randomly 80 s (120 s) after onset of free-fall (simulated weightlessness). Swimming velocity increased significantly; however, the increase was transient and subsided after 3 min in the rocket experiments, while the velocity remained enhanced even during 2 h of rotation on a fast clinostat. Trichocysts were present and without morphological changes in Paramecium cells which had been exposed to a rocket flight, as well as to fast or slow rotation on a clinostat. Regeneration of the oral apparatus of Stentor and morphogenesis of Eufolliculina proceeded normally on the clinostat. The results demonstrate that the clinostat is a useful tool to simulate the conditions of weightlessness on earth and to detect gravisensitive cellular functions.