部分破坏拆卸模式下拆卸规划

为了对产品进行拆卸规划,基于装配有向图提出一种部分破坏性模式下的拆卸规划方法。通过装配有向图表达产品零部件间的装配关系,并在此基础上构建装配关系矩阵、装配连接矩阵和可达矩阵。由矩阵遍历和运算获得产品装配结构、装配深度等信息,并根据这些信息确定被破坏对象,最终完成部分破坏性拆卸模式下拆卸规划过程。将上述理论应用于摩擦驱动装置拆卸规划中,其结果验证了理论分析的有效性和正确性。     

高旋转数下光滑回转通道的换热特性

通过提高回转通道内气体压力到500 kPa以上,显著扩展了实验参数范围.实验雷诺数Re和旋转数Ro范围分别为10 000~70 000和0~2.08,完全匹配了真实发动机的Re和Ro.在此基础上实验研究了高旋转数下方截面光滑U型通道的换热特性.结果表明,在高旋转数下,旋转效应对通道进口和转弯段局部换热的影响比进口效应和弯道效应显著;第1通道后缘面换热随旋转数的增大而增强,而中下游前缘面在超过临界旋转数后换热增强;高旋转数下第2通道下游后缘面的换热强于前缘面.      

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

Chaboche随动硬化模型参数确定及棘轮效应

采用遗传算法确定不同Chaboche随动硬化模型的参数,得到的3种模型中,四分量模型对棘轮的预测与试验结果符合最好.增大应力幅值或应力平均值,都会使应变峰值增大,应变累积速度加快;利用确定的四分量模型研究加载顺序对棘轮的影响.结果表明,平均应力加载顺序对棘轮预测有较大影响,加载顺序高-低的累积应变低于加载顺序低-高的累积应变,而且先加载的平均应力越大,后加载的载荷产生的累积应变越小;而应力幅值加载顺序对应变累积几乎没有影响.     

3PRS/UPS冗余驱动并联机器人刚度特性分布

设计提出了一种采用冗余驱动的3PRS/UPS三自由度并联机器人,并建立分析其机构模型.基于螺旋理论,对并联机器人进行运动学分析,通过分别针对机构的驱动和约束建立了雅可比矩阵,最后整合建立了包含冗余驱动在内的全雅可比矩阵.利用虚功原理,结合并联机器人驱动副和约束副的柔度影响,推导得出了机构全刚度矩阵.同时,分析了机构在给定静载荷条件下的变形情况,总结出机构的空间变形分布规律.使用刚度矩阵的最小、最大特征值和运动刚度指标（KSI,Kinematic Stiffness Index）为机构刚度评价指标,对比和分析了引入冗余驱动前后对并联机器人刚度特性分布的影响,得出冗余驱动支链的引入可提高并联机器人特定方向的刚度和改善刚度分布的结论,为冗余驱动并联机器人优化设计和开发应用奠定基础.      

基于球几何特征的摄像机内参分步标定方法

在摄像机标定过程中,球形靶标对图像数量、拍摄角度要求小,能够适应遮挡环境,在使用中具有明显优势.在分析球投影模型几何性质的基础上,提出一种利用球靶标分步标定摄像机内部参数的方法.该方法通过拍摄一幅包含空间中2个不同位置球体的图像,得到图像中的2条投影二次曲线;利用2条投影二次曲线的对称轴和公切线计算球心投影点,通过投影二次曲线的对称轴确定图像主点坐标,根据球心投影点和图像主点的位置关系求解归一化焦距;利用整体优化算法得到内参标定结果.仿真数据实验分析了引入测量误差的主要因素,实物标定结果与平面方格靶标方法相比误差在5%之内,重复测量结果稳定.      

基于视频数据的机场跑道外来物检测

提出了一种基于视频数据的机场跑道外来物(FOD,Foreign Object Debris)检测算法,该算法包括几何校正、背景差分、杂波抑制和伪装消除等4个步骤.其中,几何校正排除了摄像头轻微抖动造成的图像差异;背景差分利用每个像素对应的颜色向量信息,建立背景模型并进行定时更新;杂波抑制和伪装消除利用差分图像和原始图像信息,建立马尔科夫随机场和概率统计模型,在降低虚警的同时提高了检测率.将本算法应用于两组不同光照条件下获取的视频图像,检测不同形状和颜色的FOD目标;采用本算法对机场实测数据进行测试,验证了算法的有效性.     

浅析以教材课文为基础的阅读教学设计

阅读教学是大学英语教学最重要、最具有难度的一个环节。以《实用英语》“Modem Communication：The Laserand Fiber—Optic Revolution”一文为例,对如何在课堂上进行阅读教学进行了探讨。