助推-滑行式燃料最优真空飞行轨迹的设计方法

建立了飞行器助推-滑行式燃料最优真空飞行轨迹的最优控制模型,给出了一种更为简单、直观的内点约束条件和横截条件的推导方法,讨论了高效且更为稳定的数值计算方法,提出了两种应用模式,通过与连续推力式和脉冲式飞行方案的比较,说明这种设计方法在节省燃料方面具有优势.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

Genetic differentiation induced by spaceflight treatment of Cistanche deserticola and identification of inter-simple sequence repeat markers associated with its medicinal constituent contents

The dried, fleshy stems of Cistanche deserticola (Orobanchaceae) are popular tonics in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat the inability of kidney in expelling extra fluid in the body, causing fluid retention, and reform reproductive system. However, the wild plants of C. deserticola have become endangered due to habitat downsizing and over-harvesting for its medicinal usages. The present research was carried out for the following purposes: (1) promoting the space-breeding research; (2) providing molecular evidence for agricultural selective breeding; and (3) protecting this endangered herbal medicine and conserving its genetic resources.     

Avoid online radiation risk: Theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions

In this study, we report an easy and quick method on simulating chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy charged particles. The theoretical value of chromosome break was calculated, and validated comparison with experimental value by using premature chromosome condensation technique. A good consistency was found between theoretical and experimental value. This suggested that higher relative biological effectiveness of heavy ions was closely correlated with its physical characteristics. Also, a safe approach on predicting chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions at off-line environment can be considered. Furthermore, three key factors influencing the theoretical simulation was investigated and discussed.     

基于MSP430点光源跟踪系统设计

提出了一种基于MSP430的点光源跟踪的具体设计方案,并对设计方案的硬件组成、程序设计、调试进行了介绍,实验证明,所设计的光源自跟踪系统有较强的适应能力,反应迅速,灵活性大。     

金属弹簧管性能影响因素的仿真分析

为了研究高温密封组件金属弹簧性能,本文通过对波音公司编网状弹簧管结构和Streck心脏支架结构的研究,建立了编织弹簧的几何拓扑构型和数学模型,推导了弹簧直径计算公式。采用AUTODESK3D-MAX构建了编织弹簧的仿真模型,用ANSYS仿真软件分别从编织丝直径、编织密度以及编织方法 3方面探究不同测试对弹簧性能的影响。结果表明,增加弹簧丝直径、降低弹簧管轴向方向的编织密度、提高圆周方向的编织密度、向外的弹簧管编织方式可有效提高弹簧管的回弹性能。     

燃气轮机间冷器结构改进试验研究

为了分析间冷器翅片高度、翅片厚度、隔板厚度等结构参数对换热性能的影响,根据船用间冷循环燃气轮机长期工作在海洋环境的性能要求及结构特点,初步设计了机上间冷器,并对其进行了试验验证。根据前期验证结果,对间冷器结构进行了迭代改进。结果表明:在一定范围内,翅片高度增加导致换热效率降低和总压恢复系数增大;翅片厚度增加,导致换热效率提高和总压恢复系数减小;隔板厚度增加导致换热效率降低。     

战斗机嵌入式训练系统中的智能虚拟陪练

智能化"实虚"对抗是现代先进战斗机嵌入式训练系统的重要功能需求。自主空战决策控制技术在未来空战装备发展中扮演关键角色。将当前的功能需求和发展中的技术结合起来,得到了空战智能虚拟陪练的概念。先进控制决策技术的引入使得智能虚拟陪练能够帮助飞行员完成复杂的战术训练,而训练中真实的对抗场景为技术的验证提供了理想的环境,大量的训练数据为技术的持续迭代优化提供了保障。作为可学习和进化的空战战术专家,智能陪练在人机对抗和自我对抗中不断优化,当其具备与人相当甚至超越人的战术能力时,可应用于未来的无人空战系统。智能虚拟陪练需要具备4项基本能力：智能决策能力、知识学习能力、对抗自优化能力和参数化表示能力。对其包含的关键技术进行了分析,提出并实现了一个基于模糊推理、神经网络和强化学习的解决方案,展示了其各项基本能力及目前达到的空战水平。未来更多的模型和算法可在智能虚拟陪练的框架中进行验证和优化。     

装备体系贡献率评估方法探究

未来装备必须坚持体系化发展,并通过贡献率评估明确在体系中的地位和作用。明确了装备体系贡献率的定义和评估意义,分析了定性评估法、基础技战术指标比较法、综合技战术指标灰靶比较法、基于装备体系的网络层次分析法、基于体系仿真及效能评估法等装备贡献率评估方法,并给出了灰靶比较法、网络层次分析法具体评估实例。同时,结合各评估方法特点,提出了网络层次分析法、体系仿真及效能评估法相结合的改进综合评估方法流程,实现装备体系贡献率的准确评估。     

编队卫星的状态测量方法综述及可行的高精度星间基线测量方案研究

基线高精度测量是编队卫星应用需要解决的关键技术之一。针对这个问题,文章从3个方面进行了阐述。首先,综述目前国内外常用的编队卫星状态测量手段,然后在前面分析的基础上,结合编队卫星基线的表示方法和卫星编队飞行的特点,提出了2种可行的基线激光测量方案,并对它们各自的测量精度进行了简单地分析。从分析的结果来看,这2种方法均能实现高精度的基线测量。