生物体冻结研究

从简单的数学模型出发，利用直观的温度及浓度分布假设，对生物体冻结过程中的传热、传质进行了理论分析，并将结果与精确解及测量值进行了比较。其解法简单，省去了以往的有限差分求解的繁琐的计算过程，并且计算结果与试验数据吻合得很好。     

模块化热控技术及其在低轨卫星中的应用

Differently from traditional integration satellites, the modular satellites consist of several structurally independent modules and the heat dissipation is unevenly distributed, while the interface between modules should support repeatable connection separating. Therefore, the traditional thermal control design, which supports the independent heat dissipation of an integration satellite, cannot meet the thermal control requirements of the modular satellite. In this paper the modular thermal control technology is proposed. The carbon nanotube array on metal substrate is used as the thermal interface of the modules to realize the separable cross module heat transfer. The internal surface of structural panels is coated by graphene film to enhance the internal heat transfer in the modules with limited internal space. The smart thermal control coating is used at all the heat rejection surfaces to suppress the orbital heat flux variations. By using the technology, the thermal connection of the assembly and reconstruction system is built and the synergistic heat dissipation of the whole satellite is achieved. As to validate the proposed technology, the finite element model of the circular low earth orbit satellite is established and the in orbit temperature in the extreme working conditions is simulated. The result indicates that the modular thermal control technology proposed in this paper can satisfy the thermal control demand of the modular satellite.      

Explicit expression of collision probability in terms of RSW and NTW components of relative position

The existing analytical and numerical computing methods for collision probability (P_c) provide sufficiently accurate results, but do not reveal the direct connection between P_c and conjunction geometry or error covariance. This paper derived an explicit expression of P_c under the circular orbit assumption, based on analysis of closest approach distance and Chan’s analytical formulae for P_c. The P_c was expressed as an explicit function of the radial, in-track, cross-track components of relative position and error covariance. The explicit expression is simple and compact, relates P_c with components of relative position, which are two kinds of important conjunction risk criteria. By introducing non-zero flight-path angle and ratio of velocity’s magnitude, a modified expression of P_c was presented for objects in eccentric orbits. For objects with eccentricity less than 0.01 (which account for 62% of all LEO objects), the relative error of the explicit expression is less than 0.107, or 0.252 for typical conjunction cases. What really matters in conjunction risk assessment is the order of magnitude rather than the specific value of P_c, the precision of the explicit expression is sufficient for conjunction risk assessment and decision-making for most LEO objects.     

基于预报偏差的LEO航天器轨道异常检测

针对由轨道控制、大气环境、碰撞等因素造成的低轨(LEO)航天器轨道突变问题,提出了一种基于预报偏差的轨道异常检测方法。选择LEO轨道的半长轴和倾角作为特征轨道参数,利用SGP4模型长期项对目标的两行轨道要素(TLE)进行预报得到特征轨道参数的预报值,通过对特征轨道参数的编目数据和预报数据进行平滑后求差得到预报偏差序列,基于马氏距离对预报偏差数据的两个分量进行联合异常检测。对Terra卫星2010年的机动事件分析结果同NASA发布的其机动历史相吻合,表明该方法可以有效地检测航天器轨道异常的次数、时间和类型,可应用于空间目标的监视与空间态势的感知。     

平面遮挡分析法及其在航天器气动力矩分析中的应用

针对空间站等复杂构型航天器迎流面积和气动力矩的快速分析问题,提出一种平面遮挡分析法。该方法在与迎流垂直的方向上,选定一个二维投影平面进行航天器组成单元的划分和二维外形信息的定义;通过标志符、差值函数及相关的单元外形边界搜索规则定义和操作,实现迎流面积和遮挡面积的计算。平面遮挡分析法减少了遮挡分析所需使用的航天器外形信息维度,可以提高遮挡分析的效率。然后给出基于该平面遮挡分析法对迎流面积和压心位置进行计算的数学模型,对使用的气动力矩分析模型进行说明。以一个非对称构型的空间站为例,对相应的迎流面积和气动力矩进行仿真计算和对比验证。结果表明,平面遮挡分析法具有较为明显的计算时间优势,同时具备较高的计算精度。     

测向交叉定位系统中的最优交会角研究

研究了测向交叉定位系统中的最优交会角问题。在目标到两部被动传感器基线之间的垂直距离不同的情况下和最小圆概率误差（CEP）准则下,得出了一些有意义的结论。研究表明,最优交会角跟目标到两部传感器基线的垂直距离与基线长度的比值l有关。当l≥√3/6时,只存在一个最优交会角且此时目标与两部被动传感器呈等腰三角形,并在此情况下分析了l的变化对圆概率误差的影响。当l＜√3/6时,存在两个相等的最优交会角。得出的结论在多个被动传感器的优化配置进而提高目标定位精度方面具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

National Report on Space Medicine Progress in 2012–2014

The application of manned spaceflight makes a great impetus on the development of space medicine. With the deep growth of Chinese manned space, our national space medicine has attained great achievements. In this paper, the basic research of Space Medicine and its application in China during 2012–2014 were briefly reviewed.     

一种基于模糊隶属度的雷达辐射源识别新方法

在雷达辐射源识别中,一般采用隶属度来衡量知识参数和侦察参数的相似性,并以此进行识别,其难点在于隶属度函数的确定。针对这一难点,提出了一种新的脉间特征参数和脉内特征参数隶属度的计算方法,并提出了一种综合特征权值的计算方法,对雷达辐射源进行加权识别。仿真结果表明,这种方法的识别效果优于传统的识别方法。     

一种求解多目标柔性作业车间调度的改进粒子群算法

针对具有高维搜索空间的多目标柔性作业车间调度问题,提出了一种基于偏好的多目标粒子群优化算法(PMOPSO).该算法引入了决策者的偏好信息,用以指导算法的搜索过程,使算法在决策者感兴趣的区域进行搜索,不但缩小了算法的搜索空间,提高了算法的效率,而且一次运算只求得偏好区域内若干个折中解,避免了决策者要在众多非劣解中作出困难的选择.在该算法中,采用了新的偏好信息给定方法,即采用目标间重要关系、目标数值或目标权重大致取值范围来表示偏好信息.采用该方法,不但便于决策者给定偏好信息,而且还可以根据决策者的需求,对搜索区域的范围进行适当地调整.针对偏好信息的特点,提出了一种模拟人类社会组织"投票选举"的偏好信息处理方法,该方法直观简便并易于实现.最后,通过实例仿真,对该算法性能进行比较分析和评价,结果表明了该算法的有效性和可行性.     

宇航用元器件锡晶须生长研究

通过分析锡晶须的研究历史,将锡晶须的研究归结为三个阶段:早期对锡晶须现象的研究、锡晶须生长机理的研究和减缓锡晶须生长方法的研究。比较了锡晶须长度及密度的测量方法。总结了目前抑制锡晶须生长的方法:在不同基底材料上采用不同厚度镀锡层;使用Ni、In等阻挡层;对镀层表面进行热处理和回流处理;避免使用纯锡镀层,镀层合金化;在镀层表面覆盖保形涂层。