Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.     

美军电子攻击型无人机的发展

介绍了美军机载电子攻击力量建设发展战略和构想,以及美军各军种对电子攻击型无人机的需求和建设思路。从选型和有效载荷两个方面讨论了美军主要电子攻击型无人机项目的发展现状。分析了电子攻击型无人机的作战优势。     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

月球软着陆过程高精度自主导航避障方法

针对未知地形和障碍会危及着陆安全的问题,给出了一种月球软着陆过程高精度自主导航避障方法,主要包括基于IMU配以测距测速修正的自主绝对导航、障碍识别与目标着陆点选取、针对目标着陆点的相对导航与相对避障控制等算法。该方法在保证着陆精度的同时也大大降低了着陆过程遇到障碍的风险,提高了系统的安全性,已成功应用于实际工程任务。     

基于月面单幅图像的软着陆障碍识别与安全区选取方法

针对月球软着陆自主避障的需求,提出了一种适合月球灰尘表面的改进优化Hapke模型,给出了相对高程的求解、障碍识别与安全区选取方法,解决了已有纹理法无法识别坡度的问题,实现了利用单幅图像的月面着陆障碍识别与安全区域选取。利用月球软着陆下降段仿真图像,进行了模型解算和三维高程恢复并计算安全区域,结果表明,利用月面单幅图像能够实现障碍的识别与安全区的选取。     

脉冲星导航中最优脉冲星组合选取方法

分析了X射线脉冲星导航原理,发现脉冲星的位置和脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)的测量误差直接影响导航精度.为优选导航脉冲星组合,在误差协方差分析的基础上,提出了一种导航脉冲星组合优选方法.该方法分别定义了优选指标位置精度因子(Positioning Dilution of Precision,PDOP)和脉冲星优选指标(Pulsars Select Criteria,PSC),不仅考虑了脉冲星空间位置分布,还考虑了测量噪声差异对导航误差的影响.最后以25颗信号品质较好的脉冲星为例,仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

锯齿单元对起落架/舱体耦合噪声抑制试验

当前中国民用飞机高速发展,噪声排放问题受到广泛关注。在飞机起降阶段,飞行高度较低且处于机场附近,其噪声直接影响到机场地面周围环境。该阶段内起落架噪声占比较大,成为研究的重点。此外,起落架在收放过程中,除自身脱落涡产生的噪声外,当起落架舱门开启时,舱体空腔内产生自持性振荡噪声,与起落架噪声一起形成更为复杂的起落架+舱体耦合噪声,直接影响到整个着陆系统噪声水平,因此研究起落架与舱体耦合噪声产生机理和抑制措施显得尤为必要。以简化的起落架及其舱体为研究对象,提出一种低马赫数（0.2Ma/0.25Ma）条件下,利用前缘锯齿扰流单元对起落架/舱体耦合噪声进行抑制的方法,并在0.55 m×0.4 m航空声学风洞进行试验验证。首先,从起落架及其舱体耦合噪声产生原因进行分析,分别明确起落架和舱体在耦合噪声各个频段的贡献作用。随后,在舱体空腔前缘安装锯齿扰流单元,以改变自由来流状态,验证降噪措施;同时采用参数化研究方法,研究锯齿扰流单元不同偏角对降噪效果的影响。最后,将起落架模型安装于舱体空腔内,分析锯齿扰流单元对耦合噪声的抑制能力。研究结果表明,锯齿形扰流单元对舱体腔体噪声与起落架/舱体耦合噪声具有明显降低作用,在本试验条件下,30°安装角最佳。预期成果可以应用于起落架/舱体耦合降噪。     

空间伸展臂热应变与热变形光纤监测技术

针对空间伸展臂在热载荷作用下承载特性与形态变化的监测需求,提出了一种基于分布式光纤传感器的伸展臂结构温度、热应变以及热变形集成监测技术。借助ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件,构建了单端热载荷作用下铝合金空间伸展臂结构热-力模型,分别得到不同局部热载荷下伸展臂轴向温度、热应变以及热变形分布与变化规律。在此基础上,提出了基于有限元分析与热传导理论的两类伸展臂轴向热变形计算方法。构建了分布式光纤传感监测系统,实时监测伸展臂若干关键位置的温度值与应变值,进而反演出结构轴向温度场、应变场连续变化信息。研究表明:采用有限元拟合法与热传导解析法计算所得伸展臂轴向热变形误差分别为5.256%与3.556%。相关成果能够为未来航天器在轨服役状态监测与辨识提供技术支撑。     

爪型泵转子理论型线计算机模拟研究

本文针对爪型泵转子的理论型线进行了分析研究。运用计算机手段对转子的理论型线进行了计算与模拟，通过程序计算出型线的点坐标值，并运用计算机动画模拟仿真了转子的旋转啮合过程。     

Radio/FADS/IMU integrated navigation for Mars entry

Supposing future orbiting and landing collaborative exploration mission as the potential project background, this paper addresses the issue of Mars entry integrated navigation using radio beacon, flush air data sensing system (FADS), and inertial measurement unit (IMU). The range and Doppler information sensed from an orbiting radio beacon, the dynamic pressure and heating data sensed from flush air data sensing system, and acceleration and attitude angular rate outputs from an inertial measurement unit are integrated in an unscented Kalman filter to perform state estimation and suppress the system and measurement noise. Computer simulations show that the proposed integrated navigation scheme can enhance the navigation accuracy, which enables precise entry guidance for the given Mars orbiting and landing collaborative exploration mission.