无人自转旋翼机建模与控制方法研究

以500kg级无人自转旋翼机为研究对象,研究了样例无人旋翼机的建模和自动飞行控制技术.首先,基于解析形式叶素积分法给出自转旋翼机的建模方法,并给出了样例旋翼无人机的数学模型;然后,设计了无人旋翼机的俯仰和滚转控制律,并在此基础上设计了速度、高度及侧偏控制律.最后,通过飞行试验验证了模型的准确性及控制律的有效性.     

喷丸强化对AISI 420不锈钢固体粒子冲蚀行为的影响

研究了喷丸强化(SP)对AISI 420马氏体不锈钢抗同体粒子冲蚀(SPE)行为的影响.探讨了喷丸引起的表面残余压应力,表面粗糙度增大和表面加工硬化等三因素对SPE抗力的作用机制.结果表明:SP处理对AISI 420不锈钢在30°攻角下的SPE抗力无明显影响,但却降低了该钢在90°攻角下的SPE抗力.SP处理后进行表面抛光,则使该钢在两种攻角下的SPE抗力均得以提高.SP三因素对SPE抗力的作用机制主要有:表面粗糙化增大了试样表面对冲蚀粒子的有效暴露面积,因而降低了不锈钢在两种攻角下的SPE抗力;表面残余压应力能够有效抑制疲劳裂纹萌生和早期扩展,因而能有效提高AISI 420不锈钢的SPE抗力,特别是对90°垂直冲击条件下SPE抗力的提高作用更为明显;表面加工硬化提高了材料表面的微犁削抗力,因而对提高AISI 420钢在30°攻角下的SPE抗力有贡献,但是表面加工硬化层的抗多冲疲劳性能差,却不利于AISI 420钢在90°攻角下抗SPE性能的改善.     

跨声速机翼抖振初始迎角N-S方程定常计算分析

 应用代数法和椭圆型方程优化相结合的方法生成翼身组合体块结构网格。采用有限体积空间离散法和五步Runge-Kutta显式时间推进法求解N-S方程。基于雷诺平均N-S（RANS）方程,选用Spalart-Allmaras（SA）一方程模型模拟紊流。根据N-S方程定常计算结果,采用升力曲线、俯仰力矩曲线、后缘压力发散、跨声速激波位置以及机翼表面极限流线等几种判据,对跨声速机翼的抖振初始迎角进行了合理的预测分析。     

诱发卫星深层充电的高能电子环境模式研究

文章介绍了与卫星介质深层充电相关的辐射带高能电子环境的主要特征和规律,建立了相应的高能电子环境模式及软件,并运用该模式针对某飞行器的深层充放电危险性进行了分析和评估。结果表明该模式相对于AE8模式更好地反映了高能电子环境的动态特征,与欧空局建立的FLUMIC模式符合较好。该模式与深层充电分析模型相结合,可用于对航天器的充放电异常进行在轨诊断,以及在工程上针对深层充电进行防护设计。     

基于信号分类的时频分布

在将时频分析应用于模式识别的应用中 ,传统的方法是先用时频分析方法表示所获得的信号 ,然后根据时频分布提取相应的特征 ,最后将所提取到的特征输入到分类器进行分类。为了使得时频分布具有好的局部聚焦性和抑制交叉项 ,学者对一些分布进行改进 ,如采用平滑函数 ,或者是采用降低干扰核设计等等。但其目的是获得良好的时频分布 ,其最终目的不是应用于信号分类。介绍了一种基于信号分类的时频分布设计 ,其目的不是获得良好的时频分布 ,而是获得很好的分类效果。     

高温环境下大尺度薄壁结构的电性能优化设计

考虑温度引起的热变形和材料电磁参数变化对天线罩电性能的影响,基于口径积分-表面积分法(AI-SI)和有限元法(FEM),提出了高温环境下天线罩电性能分析方法;进而基于粒子群算法(PSO),建立了计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化流程。分别选取常温环境、均匀高温环境和非均匀高温环境三种典型工况,对比研究了温度对天线罩电性能的影响规律,并对天线罩电性能进行了优化,研究结果表明:高温会引起天线罩透波系数的下降和瞄准误差的上升,在天线罩优化设计中应重视温度对电性能的影响;计及热效应的天线罩结构电性能优化方法能显著提升天线罩的透波系数、降低瞄准误差,具有良好的优化效果。     

Guidepost-based autonomous orbit determination method for GEO satellite

Guidepost-based navigation system is a novel autonomous orbit determination method for the GEO satellite. The system is achieved by using the camera imaging function to obtain the guidepost images and the GNSS signal receiver to obtain the pseudoranges between the GEO and the navigation satellites. Due to the high altitude of GEO satellite and the time-varying sunlight condition in the space environment, it may be difficult to obtain object image points and the distance measurements of GNSS because of the weak visibility of the guideposts. To deal with the problem, a novel integrated orbit determination system is presented. The Earth landmarks, the in-orbit spacecraft and GNSS navigation satellites whose line-of-sights and the distance can be easily obtained are used at the same time as information for the GEO satellite navigation based on the observability conditions analysis. The observability of the GEO satellite navigation system is analyzed through the physical observability, the mathematical observability and the engineering observability through the observing geometry, the rank of observability matrix and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) respectively. Besides, the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (MCUKF) algorithm is applied to improve the estimation stability of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. The simulation indicates the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

湍流模型源项的数值处理方法对计算结果的影响研究

涡粘性湍流模型广泛应用于各种工程湍流问题的计算。对于大多数湍流模型,在湍流控制方程的右端会出现源项,其刚性给数值计算带来很大的影响。从源项的物理意义出发分析了源项导致求解困难的原因,并在通用的求解湍流模型方程的点隐法基础上,以源项弱刚性的S-A湍流模型和源项强刚性的k-ωSST湍流模型为例,论述了生成项和耗散项之间的平衡关系对数值模拟的重要意义,给出了针对不同源项的具体处理方法。对RAE2882翼型跨声速流动算例的模拟结果表明,这些处理方法有效的提高了控制方程组的计算稳定性。     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

衣服铺陈的岁月

有着特殊含义的衣服．只生存在某个特定年代的人群的集体记忆中．当记忆的阀门偶然打开．过去的时光就这样带着厚重的灰尘在一件件衣服上铺陈开来。