地球同步轨道卫星混合推进转移轨道特性分析

以地球同步轨道卫星转移轨道设计为背景，针对全化学推进燃料消耗大和全电推进转移时间长的问题，开展了化学 电混合推进转移轨道优化设计与特性分析。首先，讨论了轨道倾角和近地点幅角变化对混合推进转移轨道的影响。研究表明，在混合推进优化设计中需要将轨道倾角作为优化变量之一。然后，以近地点半径、远地点半径、轨道倾角为优化变量生成搜索网格，得到过渡轨道集。针对每条过渡轨道，构建化学推进转移段和电推进转移段。其中化学推进段采用单圈兰伯特转移解算，电推进段采用混合法优化。最后，以燃料消耗和转移时间为指标，在搜索域内开展解算分析，研究了混合推进轨道在整个搜索域内的变化趋势。该方法可以提供具有不同燃料消耗和转移时间的混合推进转移解集，拓宽了解空间，可供轨道设计人员根据任务约束灵活选用。     

Formation of polymer micro-agglomerations in ultralow-binder-content composite based on lunar soil simulant

We report results from an experiment on high-pressure compaction of lunar soil simulant (LSS) mixed with 2–5?wt% polymer binder. The LSS grains can be strongly held together, forming an inorganic-organic monolith (IOM) with the flexural strength around 30–40?MPa. The compaction pressure, the number of loadings, the binder content, and the compaction duration are important factors. The LSS-based IOM remains strong from ?200?°C to 130?°C, and is quite gas permeable.     

Combining MHD and kinetic modelling of solar flares

Solar flares are explosive events in the solar corona, representing fast conversion of magnetic energy into thermal and kinetic energy, and hence radiation, due to magnetic reconnection. Modelling is essential for understanding and predicting these events. However, self-consistent modelling is extremely difficult due to the vast spatial and temporal scale separation between processes involving thermal plasma (normally considered using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approach) and non-thermal plasma (requiring a kinetic approach). In this mini-review we consider different approaches aimed at bridging the gap between fluid and kinetic modelling of solar flares. Two types of approaches are discussed: combined MHD/test-particle (MHDTP) models, which can be used for modelling the flaring corona with relatively small numbers of energetic particles, and hybrid fluid-kinetic methods, which can be used for modelling stronger events with higher numbers of energetic particles. Two specific examples are discussed in more detail: MHDTP models of magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in kink-unstable twisted coronal loops, and a novel reduced-kinetic model of particle transport in converging magnetic fields.     

一种面向在轨服务的空间遥操作人机交互方法

为了解决人在遥操作回路中,人与操作目标时空隔离、缺乏环境信息和天地回路大时延等实际问题,以及减少空间机器人缺乏自主智能性和操作者手抖颤等不利因素,针对空间在轨服务操作交互问题,提出一种基于增强虚拟安全通道(AVSC)的分层辅助遥操作(LAT)方法。首先,设计组合体增强虚拟安全通道,通过给主端操作者施加虚拟引导力辅助完成操作任务,与徒手操作相比,操作时间短、操作平稳;其次,设计分层辅助遥操作系统,通过获取空间机器人末端与期望轨迹上最近点之间的距离,在安全通道内划分不同的虚拟力场,辅助操作者更加灵活地操作。演示实验表明,该方法利用力触觉和视觉信息,引导操作者控制空间机器人末端运动至期望位置,可以有效地提高操作精度、减轻操作者心理压力和减少操作时间。     

Can an impulsive variation of the solar wind plasma pressure trigger a plasma bubble? A case study based on CSES,Swarm and THEMIS data

During the August 25, 2018 geomagnetic storm, the new borne CSES-01 satellite and the Swarm A satellite detected a really large equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) in the post-midnight sector over western Africa. We investigated the features of this deep ionospheric plasma depletion using data from the Langmuir probes on-board CSES-01 and Swarm A satellites, and data from the high-precision magnetometer and the electric field detector instruments on-board CSES-01. Using also plasma and magnetic field data from THEMIS-E satellite we found that, during the passage of the magnetic cloud that drove the geomagnetic storm, an impulsive variation lasting about ten minutes characterized the solar wind (SW) pressure. The analysis of the delay time, between the occurrence of such impulsive variation and the detection of the plasma bubble, suggests a possible link between the SW pressure impulsive variation as identified by THEMIS-E and the generation of the EPB as detected by CSES-01 and Swarm A. We put forward the hypothesis that the SW pressure impulsive variation might have triggered an eastward prompt penetrating electric field that propagated from high to equatorial latitudes, overlapping in the nightside region to the zonal westward electric field, causing either a reduction or an inversion, at the base of the EPB triggering.     

等离子体射流作用下光壁面超声速燃烧室点火试验研究

针对光壁面超声速燃烧室的点火需求，利用中心嵌入式等离子体射流在模拟马赫数6，总温1860K的直连式试验台上实现了煤油燃料的可靠点火和稳定燃烧，研究了超声速燃烧室起动过程中等离子体建立与维持特征，获取了不同当量比下火焰传播与燃烧特性。试验表明：在自身工质的高压射流维持下，等离子体点火器可以在点火起动的不同压力变化环境中保持稳定；中心等离子体射流产生一定尺度的高温区域且含有丰富的自由基，但需要在恰当的中心喷油流量形成的混气当量比下产生等离子体诱导火焰；诱导火焰沿燃烧室轴向传播进而发展形成了稳定的超声速燃烧。     

海空重力仪的技术现状及新应用

海洋/航空重力测量是基于移动平台的动态相对重力测量,是指用有人测量船或飞机搭载重力仪或加速度计,来测定海面或近地空中重力加速度的重力测量方法。介绍了重力仪的应用领域,针对移动海洋/航空重力仪、海空重力仪车载试验,综合阐述了其国外、国内发展现状,指出了无人重力测量技术和深远海动态重力测量技术亟待解决的问题,分析了我国在海空重力测量领域中的发展方向。     

一种机载角同步转换接口的设计与实现

角度解算在飞行器姿态定位中有着关键的作用。传统老式角度解调精度不高，引入数字计算机技术以及芯片技术后，角度解调技术大大改善。通过介绍角度解调原理和专用的角度解算芯片，设计了一种角同步适配器，实验数据表明，适配器能够良好地适配轴角传感器，提高了角度解调精度，具有很好的稳定性。