化学平衡效应对冲压燃烧室性能潜力与工作过程关系的影响分析

为了研究化学平衡效应对冲压发动机燃烧室性能潜力以及工作过程关系的影响,分析了考虑和不考虑化学平衡效应的准一维分析方法获得的三种典型冲压燃烧室工作过程与性能潜力的差别。研究结果表明,化学平衡效应减小了燃料的燃烧效率、燃烧室所需扩张比以及比冲,改变了高飞行马赫数下燃烧室扩张比与性能的对应关系;不考虑化学平衡效应时,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲略优于双模态燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室和双模态燃烧室的最大比冲都出现在特征马赫数最小时;当考虑化学平衡效应时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲略优于亚声速燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲出现在特征马赫数1时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲在飞行马赫数4,5,6,7时分别出现在特征马赫数0.3,0.4,0.7和1.5附近;在高飞行马赫数时,应研究确切的化学反应过程,以确切协调燃烧室设计关系。      

Subsonic impulsively starting flow at a high angle of attack with shock wave and vortex interaction

Impulsively starting flow, by a sudden attainment of a large angle of attack, has been well studied for incompressible and supersonic flows, but less studied for subsonic flow. Recently, a preliminary numerical study for subsonic starting flow at a high angle of attack displays an advance of stall around a Mach number of 0.5, when compared to other Mach numbers. To see what happens in this special case, we conduct here in this paper a further study for this case, to display and analyze the full flow structures. We find that for a Mach number around 0.5, a local supersonic flow region repeatedly splits and merges, and a pair of left-going and right-going unsteady shock waves are embedded inside the leading edge vortex once it is sufficiently grown up and detached from the leading edge. The flow evolution during the formation of shock waves is displayed in detail. The reason for the formation of these shock waves is explained here using the Laval nozzle flow theory. The existence of this shock pair inside the vortex, for a Mach number only close to 0.5, may help the growing of the trailing edge vortex responsible for the advance of stall observed previously.     

Review of theoretical achievements for starting flow problem for all Mach numbers

The typical behavior of unsteady flow and force evolution in a number of applications, such as aero-elastics, gust-wing interaction, flapping flight and flight maneuvering, can be understood using the starting flow model. Starting flow model is obtained either by setting rapidly an angle of attack for a wing moving at constant speed, or by accelerating a wing to a constant speed while gaining an angle of attack. In the limiting case of impulsively starting flow, the wing is assumed to gain suddenly an angle of attack in an initially uniform flow. Theories have been developed for impulsively starting flow at small angle of attack long before and at large angle of attack only recently, especially for incompressible and supersonic flow. This paper intends to provide a state-of-art overview of the typical flow phenomena, force evolution characteristics and developed theories for impulsively starting flow at any angle of attack and for both lower speed flow (vortex dominated) and high speed flow (compressible wave dominated). This review also provides some new topics that deserve further studies.     

80 years education of aerospace science and technology in Tsinghua University

The development of aerospace science and technology largely relies on the education and academic contribution of students in universities covering aerospace science and technology. The School of Aerospace Engineering of Tsinghua University, with a history of eighty years since the set-up of its Department of Aeronautical Engineering in 1938, graduated 5273 undergraduate students, 1939 master students and 931 Ph.D. students. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the data related to undergraduate, master and Ph.D. students of this school. These data include the historical evolution of number of students and the actual status of students like their various interests and academic performance. The data and information shared in this paper may be useful for comparative study and for those who need primitive data to study relevant issues such as mental health of students, promotion of gender balance and educational improvement.     

卫星电源系统短路暂态特性分析及对策

针对卫星电源系统短路故障导致母线电压跌落、业务中断甚至整星失效的问题,分别采用电路模型和数学模型的方法对短路后母线电压的暂态特性进行分析,指出故障持续过程经历母线电容放电、太阳电池阵动作、放电调节器动作、蓄电池经二极管直接供电这4个阶段,分析了各阶段母线电压的暂态响应及转换条件。随后,研究了发生稳态电压跌落的条件及其影响因素。针对航天器通常使用的快速熔断器保护,分析了母线电压跌落受熔断I~2T、短路通路阻抗、蓄电池内阻、蓄电池开路电压的影响程度。依据暂态特性的分析,提出接地优化方法以及蓄电池开路电压、短路通路阻抗和欠压保护点的配合设计方法,使得短路暂态过程母线电压跌落程度满足系统关键单机运行的需求。     

A star identification algorithm based on radial and dynamic cyclic features of star pattern

A full-sky star identification algorithm based on radial and dynamic cyclic patterns is presented with the aim of solving the “lost-in-space” problem. The dynamic cyclic pattern match is applied with a maximum cumulate comparison method to identify sensor-catalog pairings in initial match, which substantially eliminates the effects of the star position noise, magnitude noise, and false stars. After initial match pairings of stars are obtained, a chain part extension technique is employed to quickly search for the longest match chain as the final result. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly robust to star position noise, magnitude noise and false stars. In a series of simulations, the identification rate of the algorithm is 97.50% with 2.0 pixels star position noise, 96.90% with 0.4 Mv star magnitude noise and 95.30% with four false stars respectively. Moreover, the algorithm achieves an identification rate of 58.08% when only six stars are in the field of view.     

Advances in Researches on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in 2008-2010

This paper summarizes the results of the researches on the middle and upper atmosphere obtained by Chinese scientists in 2008-2010. The focuses are specifically placed on the researches being associated with ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of atmospheric circulation and the chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.     

一种改进RLS算法及其在SINS快速对准中的应用

在传统递推最小二乘算法(RLS)中,人为设置的递推初始值将导致状态估计的有偏性,也就丧失了最优性,当量测数据次数较小时尤为严重。摒弃了传统RLS算法"新估计值=旧估计值+修正值"的递推结构,提出了借助中间量进行递推,再由中间量直接作状态估计的改进算法。改进RLS算法状态估计结果与批处理LS算法完全一致,且无需初始状态的任何信息。将改进RLS算法应用于捷联惯导系统(SINS)初始对准。对于一定的初始对准精度要求,理论上改进RLS算法所需的初始对准时间是最短的。最后,SINS初始对准数值仿真结果验证了所提算法的正确性。     

镍基单晶合金蠕变研究: 叶片蠕变的有限元分析

该文为镍基单晶合金高温蠕变建模研究工作的第三部分,利用前面研究已建立的蠕变材料模型及编写的ABAQUS软件UMAT子程序,选取了模型涡轮一级叶片叶身段,利用单晶DD3蠕变数据和实际叶片温度场,通过设定不同的晶体去向,分析了叶片主晶体去向偏差对叶片蠕变的影响,计算同时也给出了次向晶向偏差对分析的影响.整个分析,揭示了不同取向对叶片蠕变的影响:不同于材料的蠕变,叶片在通常控制的10°取向偏差内,蠕变分散也较大.      

Investigation on Mechanism of Altitude Characteristic for Air-breathing Pulsed Laser Thruster

Altitude characteristic is of great importance for studying when an air-breathing pulsed laser thruster works in the dense atmosphere condition of 0-30 km altitude. The experimental findings all over the world show that the similar relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and altitude. According to strong explosion theory and an ideal gas model, a dimensionless factor indicating energy law of similitude is introduced, and formula of impulse coupling coefficient is deducted. Then theoretical study of altitude characteristic is carried out and mechanism of altitude characteristic is further explained. The results indicate that there is a maximum value of impulse coupling coefficient if the dimensionless factor equals to 0. 41 in theory, and whether the phenomena of maximum appear or not depends on the range of the dimensionless factor related to altitude. As to a conical nozzle with the fixed length of 120 mm, the relationship between the sonic velocity and the dimensionless factor causes the maximum phenomenon at the altitude of about 12. 5 km, and maximum theoretical impulse coupling coefficient is also found in the experimental investigations. The mechanism of altitude characteristic for air-breathing pulsed laser thruster is discovered in this article, which will provide reference for further research on altitude characteristic.