基于轧制应力分布的铝合金厚板淬火应力仿真

利用高度非线性软件MSC.Marc,采用弹塑性大变形有限元法对7075铝合金预拉伸厚板在轧制、淬火过程中残余应力的分布进行数值仿真.文中顺次地仿真出轧制-升温-保温-急冷四个过程中产生的残余应力,研究轧制残余应力、升温-保温应力对最终淬火应力的影响.结果表明小压缩量下,整体轧制应力小于淬火应力,轧制应力在升温-保温过程中减小,在急冷过程中急剧增大,最终表现为淬火应力.轧制应力对淬火应力影响很小,淬火应力却彻底改变了原有轧制应力的大小和分布.      

固体火箭发动机点火药颗粒点火过程流固耦合特性研究

为了研究点火药颗粒点火瞬态过程中流动与燃烧特性及点火喷流冲击对自由装填药柱结构的影响,以N-S方程、k-ε湍流模型为基础,采用颗粒轨道模型建立点火药颗粒点火模型,结合流固耦合方法分析点火喷流冲击对自由装填药柱结构的影响.通过与相关试验结果对比证明计算模型可靠,然后对固体火箭发动机点火药颗粒点火过程进行仿真计算,计算结果...     

Osmoadaptive strategies of the archaeon Halococcus hamelinensis isolated from a hypersaline stromatolite environment

Biogenic stromatolites are sources of significant information on the evolution of microbial life. Despite their evolutionary significance, little is known about the mechanisms of osmoadaptation by microorganisms that comprise living stromatolites thriving in hypersaline environments. Osmoadaptive strategies for Halococcus hamelinensis, a novel halophilic archaeon recently isolated from living stromatolites in the hypersaline reaches of Shark Bay, were thus a particular interest in this study. To investigate the possibility of "salt-in-cytoplasm"-associated osmoadaptation for this archaeon, flame photometry studies were performed. From the results, it was evident that this halophilic archaeon did not accumulate intracellular K(+) ions when cells were exposed to either osmotic shock or conditions with gradual increments in salinity. These results were further supported by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses where there was no evidence for the existence of homologous genes to an ATP-driven, high-affinity potassium uptake system in Halococcus hamelinensis. To identify an alternative salt adaptation mechanism associated with accumulation of compatible solutes for this archaeon, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments were carried out. Results indicate that glycine betaine, trehalose, and glutamate are solutes likely to be involved in osmoregulation in this archeaon. Subsequent (1)H NMR analysis of cell extracts from this microorganism grown under various NaCl concentrations revealed that intracellular levels of glycine betaine increased with increasing concentrations of NaCl. This behavior of increasing glycine betaine concentration with increasing external NaCl is consistent with its identity as an osmolyte. In contrast, intracellular levels of trehalose were decreased in high concentrations of NaCl. This provides evidence that compatible solute accumulation appears to be the preferential salt regulation mechanism for this haloarchaeon, in contrast to the salt-in-cytoplasm strategy employed by many other halophilic archaea.     

铣削过程中残余应力仿真分析

在铣削加工零件时,零件各部分的残余应力分布不均匀,会使工件发生变形,影响工件的形状和尺寸精度.采用有限元分析方法,利用有限元增量理论建立了加工材料的弹塑性本构关系.针对立铣刀的铣削加工,建立了二维金属铣削仿真模型,分析中采用网格自适应准则,通过对典型钢件的加工模拟,得到了加工后已加工表面的残余应力的分布情况和整个加工过程中工件的受力情况,对于工程中的实际应用具有重要的意义.     

民航业管制放松的思考

分析了民航业受到政府管制的原因,在指出政府管制存在问题的基础上,说明了中国民航业管制放松的必然性,并提出了未来中国民航业管制放松的对策.     

国外航空公司的财务比率分析

比率分析法是目前西方财务报表分析中应用最普遍的方法之一。以国外航空公司特别是英航的财务数据为基础，就国外被广泛采用的重要财务比率进行了分析，并选择了国外几大航空公司的比率进行了比较，旨在为中国航空公司进行财务报表分析提供比率分析方面的比较和借鉴。     

Identification of morphological biosignatures in Martian analogue field specimens using in situ planetary instrumentation

We have investigated how morphological biosignatures (i.e., features related to life) might be identified with an array of viable instruments within the framework of robotic planetary surface operations at Mars. This is the first time such an integrated lab-based study has been conducted that incorporates space-qualified instrumentation designed for combined in situ imaging, analysis, and geotechnics (sampling). Specimens were selected on the basis of feature morphology, scale, and analogy to Mars rocks. Two types of morphological criteria were considered: potential signatures of extinct life (fossilized microbial filaments) and of extant life (crypto-chasmoendolithic microorganisms). The materials originated from a variety of topical martian analogue localities on Earth, including impact craters, high-latitude deserts, and hydrothermal deposits. Our in situ payload included a stereo camera, microscope, M?ssbauer spectrometer, and sampling device (all space-qualified units from Beagle 2), and an array of commercial instruments, including a multi-spectral imager, an X-ray spectrometer (calibrated to the Beagle 2 instrument), a micro-Raman spectrometer, and a bespoke (custom-designed) X-ray diffractometer. All experiments were conducted within the engineering constraints of in situ operations to generate realistic data and address the practical challenges of measurement. Our results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach for this type of work. Each technique made a proportionate contribution to the overall effectiveness of our "pseudopayload" for biogenic assessment of samples yet highlighted a number of limitations of current space instrument technology for in situ astrobiology.     

预冷发动机进气道节流特性数值研究

为了研究预冷发动机进气道预冷前后的节流特性,以二维轴对称进气道为对象,使用多孔介质耦合源项法进行数值仿真研究,在不同涡轮通道流量系数的工况下对比了预冷效果和进气道预冷前后的气动性能。研究表明:随着涡轮通道流量系数增加,亚声速扩压段锥面压力降低,虚拟预冷区下游低速区面积缩小,而两通道出口总压恢复系数均呈下降趋势,同时涡轮通道流量系数较高的工况冷却效果更好;冲压通道出口总温受预冷区影响而下降,高速工况下降幅度较大,但下降幅度不受涡轮通道出口流量系数影响;相同涡轮通道流量系数的高速工况,经过预冷后涡轮通道流通能力增强。