发动机试制中的夹具设计

一种新型发动机,从试制到转入批生产,往往要经过两至五年或更长的时间。这除了管理上的原因外,工夹具的设计、制造进度和质量是影响试制进度的主要原因之一。从我们厂几种型号的发动机试制中所使用的夹具来看(见图1),“选用夹具”占试制中所有夹具总数的比例是比较大的。这是因为新老型号各机种间大多数零件具有继承性,而不同类别的发动机的同类零件,也有很大的相似性,其主要结构及加工中所选用的定位基准基本相同。因此,这类零组件可选用现有夹     

使部分近似分度成为准确分度的方法——分组分度法

在使用分度头加工圆周等分工件时,常常由于规定的等分数不能用简单分度法均分,同时分度头又因工件需偏转一个角度,不能配换齿轮,故需采用差动分度,这时,一般都采用近似分度法。各有关手册和书刊都载有近似分度表以供查用。为了提高近似分度的精度,人们作了大量的研究工作。(参看“提高近似分度精度的计算方法”载《机械工人》1980年第     

Life support system using water electrolysis

The purpose of the integrated physiologico-hygienic and biotechnological laboratory experiment was to evaluate the effect of life support subsytems placed inside a sealed cabin on the cabin environment and, consequently, on the human performance and activity, and also to assess the operability of subsystems by the crewmen and disclose any resulting difficulties.     

Carotenoid analysis of halophilic archaea by resonance Raman spectroscopy

Recently, halite and sulfate evaporate rocks have been discovered on Mars by the NASA rovers, Spirit and Opportunity. It is reasonable to propose that halophilic microorganisms could have potentially flourished in these settings. If so, biomolecules found in microorganisms adapted to high salinity and basic pH environments on Earth may be reliable biomarkers for detecting life on Mars. Therefore, we investigated the potential of Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy to detect biomarkers derived from microorganisms adapted to hypersaline environments. RR spectra were acquired using 488.0 and 514.5 nm excitation from a variety of halophilic archaea, including Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1, Halococcus morrhuae, and Natrinema pallidum. It was clearly demonstrated that RR spectra enhance the chromophore carotenoid molecules in the cell membrane with respect to the various protein and lipid cellular components. RR spectra acquired from all halophilic archaea investigated contained major features at approximately 1000, 1152, and 1505 cm(-1). The bands at 1505 cm(-1) and 1152 cm(-1) are due to in-phase C=C (nu(1) ) and C-C stretching ( nu(2) ) vibrations of the polyene chain in carotenoids. Additionally, in-plane rocking modes of CH(3) groups attached to the polyene chain coupled with C-C bonds occur in the 1000 cm(-1) region. We also investigated the RR spectral differences between bacterioruberin and bacteriorhodopsin as another potential biomarker for hypersaline environments. By comparison, the RR spectrum acquired from bacteriorhodopsin is much more complex and contains modes that can be divided into four groups: the C=C stretches (1600-1500 cm(-1)), the CCH in-plane rocks (1400-1250 cm(-1)), the C-C stretches (1250-1100 cm(-1)), and the hydrogen out-of-plane wags (1000-700 cm(-1)). RR spectroscopy was shown to be a useful tool for the analysis and remote in situ detection of carotenoids from halophilic archaea without the need for large sample sizes and complicated extractions, which are required by analytical techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.     

真实气体效应下高马赫数内转进气道特性研究

为初步研究高马赫数内转进气道在真实气体效应下的工作特性,首先设计额定工作状态Ma=12的高超声速内转进气道,再结合不同气体模型对其进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:化学非平衡气体在流场结构、工作性能和气动加热方面与热完全气体较为相近,与热化学非平衡气体存在一定差别。离解反应发生在边界层内和低速涡流区内,热化学非平衡气体的离解反应程度比化学非平衡气体大。在隔离段内激波反射处,相比完全气体,化学反应气体的静温降低了2000～2500K。高热流区在上壁面喉道位置与下壁面激波反射点位置附近,温度较高的等温壁面、热化学非平衡气体均可降低壁面热流密度,不同壁面条件对隔离段出口性能参数影响较为明显。真实气体效应、壁面温度对隔离段涡流区的影响较为复杂,有待进一步研究。     

预拉伸板轧制-拉伸残余应力的计算机仿真

为消除铝板冷轧过程中产生的残余应力,采用弹塑性大变形有限元法对变形区内残余应力的分布进行数值模拟.通过分析不同轧制工况对残余应力分布的影响,得到不同压缩量对轧制残余应力的影响; 并对不同轧制工况后的板材进行参数拉伸,得到拉伸力大小、拉伸变形量大小对残余应力消除效果的影响值.模拟结果表明适当的拉伸(2%左右)可以均匀细化、部分消除残余应力,减小残余应力对后续加工的影响.      

航空整体结构件加工变形有限元数值仿真

加工变形是航空整体结构件数控加工领域普遍存在的问题.选取典型航空整体结构件,基于有限元法研究了毛坯初始残余应力对于加工变形的影响,仿真结果与试验结果一致;对残余应力引起的加工变形特点进行了分析,基于不同加工路径对航空结构件加工变形进行了有限元数值仿真,结果表明,对于单一残余应力引起的加工变形分析,可以忽略加工路径的影响.考虑铣削力与残余应力的耦合作用,建立了残余应力、铣削力的耦合力学模型,给出了具体仿真流程,针对不同加工路径进行有限元仿真,研究了铣削力对于残余应力分布及最终加工变形的影响.     

蛋壳夹芯结构的变形机制及力学性能

从结构仿生的观点出发,提出了"孔壳夹芯结构"模型,通过模拟样件试验,归纳出了"孔壳夹芯结构"的压缩变形机制,得出"蛋壳夹芯结构"的承载能力主要取决于"蛋壳"的材料、结构尺寸和排列角度等因素的结论.应用薄壳理论,算出了"蛋壳"单元在承受均布压力情况下的屈曲临界压力,同时,对"蛋壳"单元建立有限元模型,进行了静力学和屈曲模态分析,为进一步的"蛋壳夹芯结构"的工程轻量化设计提供了理论依据.     

喷丸强化残余应力场三维数值分析

建立了喷丸强化三维有限元模型,实现了喷丸强化处理残余应力场的数值模拟.根据显式动力分析各种能量变化过程,确定了显式分析求解时间选择方法;研究了喷丸速度、弹丸直径、入射角度及摩擦力等因素对喷丸残余应力场影响的一般规律,并与现有相关文献试验结论进行对比;分析了单次和多次冲击下材料内部的残余应力场分布及塑性应变分布特点;建立了不同数目的多丸粒喷丸强化三维有限元模型,研究了不同覆盖率对残余应力场分布的影响规律.