飞行弹道测量规划

本文介绍了新墨西哥州的白沙导弹靶场所采用的设备选择法,即选择测量试验目标位置和弹体角度设备的方法。选择准则包括设备的数量和位置,测量量的类型和质量,工件可靠性以及数据处理方法等。根据价格-测量要求比、成功概率、所用数据和测量系统的预期误差作出最佳选择。约束条件包括理论弹道和目标尺寸,光学图象尺寸和视角,跟踪速率,大气畸变,某些应用情况下还有现有设施的位置。该方法使用了经理论推导并经实践验证了的模型,还利用了观测到的误差分布和可靠性数据。已在UNIVAC1108计算机上实现了自动计算。     

燃料的润滑性

本文在综述有关柴油发动机燃料润滑性能的基础上,全面评价了影响燃料润滑性能的主要因素。由于对低硫柴油的需求不断增加,迫切需要建立一种普遍能接受的台架试验方法,为此,在１９９２年成立的ＩＳＯＳＣ７／ＷＧ６工作小组,正着手制定一个试验方法标准,即推荐采用的ＨＦＲＲ球体平面试验标准,本文将系统介绍该试验方法的测试原理。     

美海军研究实验室研制对抗红外导弹威胁的激光器

美海军研究实验室(NRL)的科技人员已研制出一种新型激光器,他们期望这种激光器将为战术飞机提供红外对抗防护。这是一种非常小的组件,但能对付所有已知的红外导弹导引头。海军研究人员相信,要击败那些不易受闪光弹引诱的新一代导弹的导引头,就迫切需要这种配有激光器的红外干扰(IRCM)系统。自越战以来,闪光弹一直用作红外诱饵。但新的导引头已可以通过若干特点来区别飞机与闪光弹。飞机与闪光弹的一种差别是闪光弹的辐射能量在2微米波段,而飞机     

用于NASA局长期气球计划的低成本TDRSS通信设备

NASA研制的新TDRSS转发器和射频地面支持设备,使一系列低预算NASA计划可以利用TDRSS的通信业务。由于采用了当前先进技术,有些则是尖端技术,使这些新设备为用户提供了许多先进特性,而成本仍比以前任何一种设计方案低。这些新设备将于1992年12月首次用于飞越南极的长期科学气球计划。     

用于EOS直播卫星数据采集和处理的低成本可搬运地面站

作为全球变化研究的全国统一行动的一部分，地球观测系统（ＥＯＳ）将在１５年时间内发射一个遥感卫星星座。来自ＥＯＳ卫星的科学数据将由ＮＡＳＡ研究机构加以处理，再分发给大量地球科学家。许多这样的卫星还备有另外的接口，能直接向用户播发数据。从过境卫星实时直接播发科学数据有不少有价值的用途：现场测量结果的检验，规划科学会战以及用于科学和工程教育。ＥＯＳ直接的成功与实用价值在程度上取决于最终用户接收该数据所花     

Searching for life on Mars: selection of molecular targets for ESA's aurora ExoMars mission

The European Space Agency's ExoMars mission will seek evidence of organic compounds of biological and non-biological origin at the martian surface. One of the instruments in the Pasteur payload may be a Life Marker Chip that utilizes an immunoassay approach to detect specific organic molecules or classes of molecules. Therefore, it is necessary to define and prioritize specific molecular targets for antibody development. Target compounds have been selected to represent meteoritic input, fossil organic matter, extant (living, recently dead) organic matter, and contamination. Once organic molecules are detected on Mars, further information is likely to derive from the detailed distribution of compounds rather than from single molecular identification. This will include concentration gradients beneath the surface and gradients from generic to specific compounds. The choice of biomarkers is informed by terrestrial biology but is wide ranging, and nonterrestrial biology may be evident from unexpected molecular distributions. One of the most important requirements is to sample where irradiation and oxidation are minimized, either by drilling or by using naturally excavated exposures. Analyzing regolith samples will allow for the search of both extant and fossil biomarkers, but sequential extraction would be required to optimize the analysis of each of these in turn.     

Artificial gravity: a possible countermeasure for post-flight orthostatic intolerance

Four payload crewmembers were exposed to sustained linear acceleration in a centrifuge during the Neurolab (STS-90) flight. In contrast to previous studies, otolith–ocular reflexes were preserved during and after flight. This raised the possibility that artificial gravity may have acted as a countermeasure to the deconditioning of otolith–ocular reflexes. None of the astronauts who were centrifuged had orthostatic intolerance when tested with head-up passive tilt after flight. Thus, centrifugation may also have helped maintain post-flight hemodynamic responses to orthostasis by preserving the gain of the otolith–sympathetic reflex. A comparison with two fellow Neurolab orbiter crewmembers not exposed to artificial gravity provided some support for this hypothesis. One of the two had hemodynamic changes in response to post-flight tilt similar to orthostatically intolerant subjects from previous missions. More data is necessary to evaluate this hypothesis, but if it were proven correct, in-flight short-radius centrifugation may help counteract orthostatic intolerance after space flight.