固体推进剂断裂前的特性

前言在固体推进剂药柱中,一个通常遇到的结构问题是大断裂的发生和增长。要弄清此问题,也研究推进剂断裂前的特性。按研究大纲,分三个阶段进行理论和实验研究。本文涉及第一阶段企图做的和已完成的工作。即建立一个数学模型,将其应用于固体推进剂在应力作用下的单个断裂前的结构形式上,在聚合物系统中具有此种断裂前结构形式的谓之裂纹。同时研究了一种实验技术,用以测定在裂纹附近的位移场和应力场。     

美国固体推进剂的检验与鉴定规程

美国建立了测定固体推进剂的化学、物理和界面等各项性能的标准检验规程。对推进剂来说,所产生的整套数据,必须是充分的,而且足以确保其安全、工艺参数,并满足质量鉴定指标。固体推进剂的安全、化学、物理、力学等各项性能的检验,是与特定的发动机指标相联系的。测试项目的选择取决于推进剂的类型(如单基或双基,复合或复合改性双基),发动机使用条件(如密闭或不密闭的发动机壳体、相对应的溫度及高度的点火条件),以及要求的贮存寿命。目前,美国对推进剂的检验和鉴定大约进行六十种测试。本文提出了检验与鉴定准则的概要,讨论了各项或各类测试的细节与目的。     

Effect on the cardiac function of repeated LBNP during a 1-month head down tilt

Cardiovascular assessment by ultrasound methods was performed during two long duration (1 month) Head Down Tilt (HDT) on 6 healthy volunteers. On a first 1 month HDT session, 3 of the 6 subjects (A, B, C) had daily several lower body negative pressure tests (LBNP), whereas the 3 subjects remaining (D, E, F) rested without LBNP. On a second 1 month HDT session subjects D, E, and F had daily LBNP tests and the A, B and C subjects did not. The cardiac function was assessed by Echocardiography, (B mode, TM mode). On all the "6 non LBNP" subjects the left ventricule diastolic volume (LVDV), the stroke volume (SV) and the cardiac output (CO) increase (+10%, -15%) after HDT then decrease and remain inferior (-5%, -5%) or equal to the basal value during the HDT. Immediately after the end of the HDT the heart rate (HR) increase (+10%, +30%) whereas the cardiac parameters decrease weakly (-5%, -10%) and normalize after 3 days of recovery. On the "6 LBNP" subjects the LVDV, SV and CO increase (+10%, 15%) after 1 h HDT as in the previous group then decrease but remain superior (+5%, +15%) or equal to the basal value. After the HDT session, the HR is markedly increased (+20%, +40%) the LVDV and SV decrease (-15%, -20%) whereas the CO increases or decreases depending on the amplitude of the HR variations. These parameters do not completely normalize after 3 day's recovery. Repeated LBNP sessions have a significant effect on the cardiovascular function as it maintains all cardiac parameters above the basal value. The LBNP manoeuvre can be considered as an efficient countermeasure to prevent cardiac disadaptation induced by HDT position and probably microgravity.     

A search for narrow band signals with SERENDIP II: a progress report

Commensal programs for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), carried out concurrently with conventional radio astronomical observing programs, can be an attractive and cost-effective means of exploring the large multidimensional search space intrinsic to this effort. Our automated commensal system, SERENDIP II, is a high resolution 131,072 channel spectrometer. It searches for 0.49 Hz signals in sequential 64,700 Hz bands of the IF signal from a radio telescope being used for an astronomical observation. Upon detection of a narrow band signal with power above a preset threshold, the frequency, power, time, and telescope direction are recorded for later study. The system has been tested at the Hat Creek Radio Astronomy Observatory 85 ft telescope and the NASA-JPL Deep Space Station (DSS 14) 64 m telescope. It is currently collecting data at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory 300 ft telescope.     

温度敏感性和侵蚀燃烧

减少推进剂初温对固体火箭发动机性能的影响,一段时间以来从推进剂组分来说一直是毫无办法的。最近,无喷管火箭发动机的试验指出,其温度敏感性明显地低于有喷管的发动机。这样我们可以假定,减少发动机温度敏感性的途径可能存在于推进剂组分之外。对无     

固体火箭发动机的实际和预示压力—时间历程之间的差别

固体火箭发动机(SRM_S)中实际的稳态压力——时间历程经常不遵循用经典方程和方法所预示的曲线形状。每个发动机偏离预示压力的最大幅度和时间均不相同。对具有圆柱和星孔形状的分段推进剂药柱的航天飞机固体火箭发动机,本文提出了关于这种偏差的数据。本文对端面燃烧药柱的有关类似情形的数据也进行了讨论。     

MX导弹第一级发动机

MX导弹第一级发动机在系统论证阶段后,现在正进入研制阶段。其设计原则是选择能使性能、成本和进度三者之间得到平衡的技术。由于MX导弹第一级发动机是为弹道导弹研制的迄今最大的固体动力装置,因而其设计具有普遍意义。     

导弹性能和喷管/可延伸扩散段(EEC)设计变量之间的参数关系

1 引言在战略导弹系统容积受到限制的约束下,设计具有最高性能的发动机装入有效的外壳中,而同时又能满足系统设计和操纵的所有要求,包括载荷、重量和射程的要求,这个问题是很重要的。对导弹性能有很大影响的一个关键设计参数是发动机喷管的膨胀比。在容积有限的条件下,为了要做到大的喷管膨胀比,现实的设计方法是应用可延伸扩散段(EEC)~#。本     

阿里安—4的固体助推器

本文介绍了阿里安—4固体助推器的结构和设计;详细地讨论了将阿里安—3的经验和试验结果改动最小地用于阿里安—4的结构设计问题;还介绍了研制和鉴定试验的详细结果。     

微波光导纤维展望

预测今后十年中微波系统用光纤的需求,徽波光纤迅速普及的一个主要因素是它的损耗极小;概要介绍光纤在遥控中心、相控阵、频谱分析仪、延迟线信号处理器、导弹制导和模/数转换装置中应用的优越性及使用方式;对各种光纤的性能改进作了展望.