全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 7065篇 |
| 免费 | 20篇 |
| 国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
| 航空 | 3608篇 |
| 航天技术 | 2472篇 |
| 综合类 | 29篇 |
| 航天 | 990篇 |
出版年
| 2019年 | 43篇 |
| 2018年 | 139篇 |
| 2017年 | 75篇 |
| 2016年 | 50篇 |
| 2014年 | 120篇 |
| 2013年 | 188篇 |
| 2012年 | 143篇 |
| 2011年 | 222篇 |
| 2010年 | 167篇 |
| 2009年 | 260篇 |
| 2008年 | 326篇 |
| 2007年 | 169篇 |
| 2006年 | 177篇 |
| 2005年 | 180篇 |
| 2004年 | 156篇 |
| 2003年 | 215篇 |
| 2002年 | 125篇 |
| 2001年 | 244篇 |
| 2000年 | 134篇 |
| 1999年 | 176篇 |
| 1998年 | 204篇 |
| 1997年 | 156篇 |
| 1996年 | 207篇 |
| 1995年 | 249篇 |
| 1994年 | 235篇 |
| 1993年 | 148篇 |
| 1992年 | 154篇 |
| 1991年 | 85篇 |
| 1990年 | 78篇 |
| 1989年 | 163篇 |
| 1988年 | 81篇 |
| 1987年 | 79篇 |
| 1986年 | 83篇 |
| 1985年 | 243篇 |
| 1984年 | 197篇 |
| 1983年 | 157篇 |
| 1982年 | 181篇 |
| 1981年 | 217篇 |
| 1980年 | 69篇 |
| 1979年 | 49篇 |
| 1978年 | 69篇 |
| 1977年 | 58篇 |
| 1976年 | 43篇 |
| 1975年 | 76篇 |
| 1974年 | 50篇 |
| 1973年 | 51篇 |
| 1972年 | 62篇 |
| 1971年 | 50篇 |
| 1970年 | 52篇 |
| 1969年 | 44篇 |
排序方式： 共有7099条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Gabrion J Herbute S Oliver J Maurel D Davet J Clavel B Gharib C Fareh J Fagette S Nguyen B 《Acta Astronautica》1995,36(8-12):439-448
Fluid and electrolyte shifts occuring during human spaceflight have been reported and investigated at the level of blood, cardio-vascular and renal responses. Very few data were available concerning the cerebral fluid and electrolyte adaptation to microgravity, even in animal models. It is the reason why we developed several studies focused on the effects of spaceflight (SLS-1 and SLS-2 programs, carried on NASA STS 40 and 56 missions, which were 9- and 14-day flights, respectively), on structural and functional features of choroid plexuses, organs which secrete 70–90 % of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and which are involved in brain homeostasis. Rats flown aboard space shuttles were sacrificed either in space (SLS-2 experiment, on flight day 13) or 4–8 hours after landing (SLS-1 and SLS-2 experiments). Quantitative autoradiography performed by microdensitometry and image analysis, showed that lateral and third ventricle choroid plexuses from rats flown for SLS-1 experiment demonstrated an increased number (about x 2) of binding sites to natriuretic peptides (which are known to be involved in mechanisms regulating CSF production). Using electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, we studied the cellular response of choroid plexuses, which produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in brain lateral, third and fourth ventricles. We demonstrated that spaceflight (SLS-2 experiment, inflight samples) induces changes in the choroidal cell structure (apical microvilli, kinocilia organization, vesicle accumulation) and protein distribution or expression (carbonic anhydrase II, water channels,…). These observations suggested a loss of choroidal cell polarity and a decrease in CSF secretion. Hindlimb-suspended rats displayed similar choroidal changes. All together, these results support the hypothesis of a modified CSF production in rats during long-term (9, 13 or 14 days) adaptations to microgravity. 相似文献
992.
Doppler ultrasound is frequently used for monitoring circulating microbubbles during decompression to assess the symptoms of Decompression Sickness (DCS). This analysis was carried out to evaluate its effectiveness for screening symptoms of DCS during simulated extravehicular activities (EVA). The information from various hypobaric chamber studies carried out at the NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX was used in this analysis (n = 516). The circulating microbubbles were detected in the precordial area in 42% (218/516), and symptoms were reported in 16% (81/516) of these exposures. The accuracy of Doppler-detectable bubbles (Spencer grades) on all symptoms of DCS was examined by calculating measures of sensitivity and specificity. The efficacy of Doppler as a screening device was examined by calculating their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The results of these analyses indicated that the sensitivity of Doppler decreased, and the PPV increased with higher Spencer grades. However, the likelihood of detecting true negative cases (NPV) was consistently higher with all bubble grades. Due to the high false-positive rate and low prior probabilities of the risk of DCS, Doppler was found to be more useful to identify those who did not develop DCS, than to detect positive cases of DCS in the simulated EVA exposures. 相似文献
993.
994.
A. A. Shirinzadeh H. H. Asadov I. Sh. Maharramov N. G. Javadov S. B. Jalilov 《Cosmic Research》2010,48(6):550-552
995.
The simple tilted dipole picture of Corotating Interaction Regions which prevailed during the first polar pass of Ulysses no longer applies since the Sun entered a more active phase. Recent observations show that CIRs still persist, though the
large polar coronal holes of solar minimum shrink to smaller areas and move to lower latitudes. We present 3-D simulations
for the cosmic-ray intensity variations in a model with non-polar high speed streams. Latitudinal and recurrent time-variations
are discussed, but more detailed and realistic simulations are required before quantitative comparisons with observations
can be made.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
996.
G E Bingham S B Jones D Or I G Podolski M A Levinskikh V N Sytchov T Ivanova P Kostov S Sapunova I Dandolov D B Bubenheim G Jahns 《Acta Astronautica》2000,47(11):839-848
The control of water content and water movement in granular substrate-based plant root systems in microgravity is a complex problem. Improper water and oxygen delivery to plant roots has delayed studies of the effects of microgravity on plant development and the use of plants in physical and mental life support systems. Our international effort (USA, Russia and Bulgaria) has upgraded the plant growth facilities on the Mir Orbital Station (OS) and used them to study the full life cycle of plants. The Bulgarian-Russian-developed Svet Space Greenhouse (SG) system was upgraded on the Mir OS in 1996. The US developed Gas Exchange Measurement System (GEMS) greatly extends the range of environmental parameters monitored. The Svet-GEMS complex was used to grow a fully developed wheat crop during 1996. The growth rate and development of these plants compared well with earth grown plants indicating that the root zone water and oxygen stresses that have limited plant development in previous long-duration experiments have been overcome. However, management of the root environment during this experiment involved several significant changes in control settings as the relationship between the water delivery system, water status sensors, and the substrate changed during the growth cycles. 相似文献
997.
The International Space Station (ISS), as the largest international science and engineering program in history, features unprecedented technical, cost, scheduling, managerial, and international complexity. A number of major milestones have been accomplished to date, including the construction of major elements of flight hardware, the development of operations and sustaining engineering centers, astronaut training, and eight Space Shuttle/Mir docking missions. International partner contributions and levels of participation have been baselined, and negotiations and discussions are nearing completion regarding bartering arrangements for services and new hardware. As ISS is successfully executed, it can pave the way for more inspiring cooperative achievements in the future. 相似文献
998.
C.D. Edwards J.T. Adams D.J. Bell R. Cesarone R. DePaula J.F. Durning T.A. Ely R.Y. Leung C.A. McGraw S.N. Rosell 《Acta Astronautica》2001,48(5-12):661-668
The planned exploration of Mars will pose new and unique telecommunications and navigation challenges. The full range of orbital, atmospheric, and surface exploration will drive requirements on data return, energy-efficient communications, connectivity, and positioning. In this paper we will summarize the needs of the currently planned Mars exploration mission set, outline design trades and options for meeting these needs, and quantify the specific telecommunications and navigation capabilities of an evolving infrastructure. 相似文献
999.
If life ever existed, or still exists, on Mars, its record is likely to be found in minerals formed by, or in association with, microorganisms. An important concept regarding interpretation of the mineralogical record for evidence of life is that, broadly defined, life perturbs disequilibria that arise due to kinetic barriers and can impart unexpected structure to an abiotic system. Many features of minerals and mineral assemblages may serve as biosignatures even if life does not have a familiar terrestrial chemical basis. Biological impacts on minerals and mineral assemblages may be direct or indirect. Crystalline or amorphous biominerals, an important category of mineralogical biosignatures, precipitate under direct cellular control as part of the life cycle of the organism (shells, tests, phytoliths) or indirectly when cell surface layers provide sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Biominerals also form indirectly as by-products of metabolism due to changing mineral solubility. Mineralogical biosignatures include distinctive mineral surface structures or chemistry that arise when dissolution and/or crystal growth kinetics are influenced by metabolic by-products. Mineral assemblages themselves may be diagnostic of the prior activity of organisms where barriers to precipitation or dissolution of specific phases have been overcome. Critical to resolving the question of whether life exists, or existed, on Mars is knowing how to distinguish biologically induced structure and organization patterns from inorganic phenomena and inorganic self-organization. This task assumes special significance when it is acknowledged that the majority of, and perhaps the only, material to be returned from Mars will be mineralogical. 相似文献
1000.
We revisit the validity of the presence of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a rocky planet as being a biosignature. Up to now, the false positive that has been identified applies to a planet during a hot greenhouse runaway, which is restricted to planets outside the habitable zone (HZ) of the star that are closer to the star. In this paper, we explore a new possibility based on abiotic photogeneration of O(2) at the surface of a planet that could occur inside the HZ. The search for such a process is an active field of laboratory investigation that has resulted from an ongoing interest in finding efficient systems with the capacity to harvest solar energy on Earth. Although such a process is energetically viable, we find it to be a very unlikely explanation for the observation of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a telluric exoplanet in the HZ. It requires an efficient photocatalyst to be present and abundant under natural planetary conditions, which appears unlikely according to our discussion of known mineral photochemical processes. In contrast, a biological system that synthesizes its constituents from abundant raw materials and energy has the inherent adaptation advantage to become widespread and dominant (Darwinist argument). Thus, O(2) appears to continue to be a good biosignature. 相似文献