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211.
C. Paizis A. Raviart B. Heber B. Falconi Ph. Ferrando H. Kunow R. Müller-mellin 《Space Science Reviews》2001,97(1-4):349-354
Previous work on the latitudinal gradient and on the amplitude of the recurrent cosmic ray decreases, has shown that their
magnitude does not decrease monotonically with the particle rigidity, but it presents a broad maximun around 1–2 GV. We have
extended this analysis to study the behaviour of cosmic-ray particles during the modulation steps in the rising part of the
solar activity of the present Solar cycle. We found that the ‘depth’ of the modulation step decreases monotonically with increasing
rigidity and that the least energetic particles are the last to reach their minimum intensity value. We also considered in
this analysis electrons of equal rigidity to study the influence of the charge sign on the particle behaviour during the modulation
steps.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
212.
T.E. Moore M.O. Chandler M.-C. Fok B.L. Giles D.C. Delcourt J.L. Horwitz C.J. Pollock 《Space Science Reviews》2001,95(1-2):555-568
The discovery of terrestrial O+ and other heavy ions in magnetospheric hot plasmas, combined with the association of energetic ionospheric outflows with geomagnetic activity, led to the conclusion that increasing geomagnetic activity is responsible for filling the magnetosphere with ionospheric plasma. Recently it has been discovered that a major source of ionospheric heavy ion plasma outflow is responsive to the earliest impact of coronal mass ejecta upon the dayside ionosphere. Thus a large increase in ionospheric outflows begins promptly during the initial phase of geomagnetic storms, and is already present during the main phase development of such storms. We hypothesize that enhancement of the internal source of plasma actually supports the transition from substorm enhancements of aurora to storm-time ring current development in the inner magnetosphere. Other planets known to have ring current-like plasmas also have substantial internal sources of plasma, notably Jupiter and Saturn. One planet having a small magnetosphere, but very little internal source of plasma, is Mercury. Observations suggest that Mercury has substorms, but are ambiguous with regard to the possibility of magnetic storms of the planet. The Messenger mission to Mercury should provide an interesting test of our hypothesis. Mercury should support at most a modest ring current if its internal plasma source is as small as is currently believed. If substantiated, this hypothesis would support a general conclusion that the magnetospheric inflationary response is a characteristic of magnetospheres with substantial internal plasma sources. We quantitatively define this hypothesis and pose it as a problem in comparative magnetospheres. 相似文献
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216.
Sarles F.W. Stanley A.G. Roberge J.K. Godfrey B.W. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1973,(6):921-924
For direct measurement of the integrated radiation dose experienced in Earth synchronous orbit, p-i-n diodes were flown as radiation dosimeters on LES-6. The diode, which has a lifetime of 10-4 seconds in the intrinsic region, was originally developed as a neutron dosimeter, but can detect 1-MeV electron fluences as low as 1013 e·cm-2. Observations over three years in orbit are presented. 相似文献
217.
Trunk G.V. Cantrell B.H. Queen F.D. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1974,(5):574-582
The modified generalized sign test processor is a nonparametric, adaptive detector for 2-D search radars. The detector ranks a sample under test with its neighboring samples and integrates (on a pulse-to-pulse basis) the ranks with a two-pole filter. A target is declared when the integrated output exceeds two thresholds. The first threshold is fixed and yields a 10-6 probability of false alarm when the neighboring samples are independent and identically distributed. The second threshold is adaptive and maintains a low false-alarm rate when the integrated neighboring samples are correlated and when there are nonhomogeneities, such as extraneous targets, in the neighboring cells. Using Monte Carlo techniques, probability of false-alarm results, probability of detection curves, and angular accuracy curves have been generated for this detector. The detector was built and PPI photographs are used to indicate the detector's performance when the radar is operated over land clutter. 相似文献
218.
This paper presents an auto-tuning method for a proportion plus integral(PI) controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) drives, which is supposed to be embedded in electro-mechanical actuator(EMA) control module in aircraft. The method, based on a relay feedback with variable delay time, explores different critical points of the system frequency response.The Nyquist points of the plant can then be derived from the delay time and filter time constant.The coefficients of the PI controller can then be obtained by calculation while shifting the Nyquist point to a specific position to obtain the required phase margin. The major advantage of the autotuning method is that it can provide a series of tuning results for different system bandwidths and damping ratios, corresponding to the specification for delay time and phase margin. Simulation and experimental results for the PMSM controller verify the performance of both the current loop and the speed loop auto-tuning. 相似文献
219.
B. Holback S. -E. Jansson L. Åhlén G. Lundgren L. Lyngdal S. Powell A. Meyer 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(3-4):577-592
The Wave Experiment, F4, on the Swedish/German satelliteFreja, is designed to measure the electric wave fields up to 4 MHz, the magnetic wave fields up to 16 kHz and the plasma density and its relative variations up to 2 kHz. Six wave signals and four density probe signals can be measured simultaneously. The wave forms of all signals are transmitted to ground without any analysis onboard. The limited TM allocation does not allow continuous sampling of the wave signals, so normally the measurements are made in snapshots of various lengths dependent on sampling frequency, etc. Continuous sampling can be made for shorter time periods by using a 6 Mbyte memory as a buffer. 相似文献
220.
Bhanu B. Das S. Symosek P. Snyder S. Roberts B. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1994,30(3):709-721
Range measurements to objects in the world relative to mobile platforms such as ground or air vehicles are critical for visually aided navigation and obstacle detection/avoidance. An approach is presented that consists of a synergistic combination of two types of passive ranging method: binocular stereo and motion stereo. We show a new way to model the errors in binocular and motion stereo in conjunction with an inertial navigation system (INS) and derive the appropriate Kalman filter to refine the estimates from these two stereo ranging techniques. We present results using laboratory images that show that refined estimates can be optimally combined to give range values which are more accurate than any one of the individual estimates from binocular and motion stereo. By incorporating a blending filter, the approach has the potential of providing accurate, dense range measurements for all the pixels in the field of view (FOV) 相似文献