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631.
D. B. Dobritsa 《Cosmic Research》2014,52(3):229-234
In this paper, the problems of the application and development of models of space debris when designing means of the anti-meteorite spacecraft protection are considered. The developed method enables us to calculate the resistance of design elements based on the conjugation of a modified spatial model of the distribution of space-debris particles and ballistic limit dependences for a calculated element. 相似文献
632.
Ceres appears likely to be differentiated and to have experienced planetary evolution processes. This conclusion is based on current geophysical observations and thermodynamic modeling of Ceres?? evolution. This makes Ceres similar to a small planet, and in fact it is thought to represent a class of objects from which the inner planets formed. Verification of Ceres?? state and understanding of the many steps in achieving it remains a major goal. The Dawn spacecraft and its instrument package are on a mission to observe Ceres from orbit. Observations and potential results are suggested here, based on number of science questions. 相似文献
633.
The problem of fracture mechanics for the solid propellant deteriorated by a crack-shaped cavity, the surface of which burns
is considered. It is assumed that the propellant reagents are uniformly distributed in the solid phase while the combustion
products are gaseous. The sufficient condition for the “combustion -fracture” stability regime is obtained. 相似文献
634.
G. Clément D. Hamilton L. Davenport B. Comet 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
This paper reviews the medical operations performed on six European astronauts during seven space missions on board the space station Mir. These missions took place between November 1988 and August 1999, and their duration ranged from 14 days to 189 days. Steps of pre-flight medical selection and flight certification are presented. Countermeasures program used during the flight, as well as rehabilitation program following short and long-duration missions are described. Also reviewed are medical problems encountered during the flight, post-flight physiological changes such as orthostatic intolerance, exercise capacity, blood composition, muscle atrophy, bone density, and radiation exposure. 相似文献
635.
V. A. Sorokin N. N. Zakharov M. S. Sharov L. S. Yanovskii 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(3):295-302
The results of experimental investigations of gasodynamic characteristics of a combustion chamber model in the integrated
power plant (IPP) with an asymmetric air intake are presented. The influence of an angle of air supply into the chamber model
on hydraulic losses and the flow structure is shown at different air flowrates, relative values of the minimal flow section
area of the feeding air intake pipes, under changes of the flowrate of gas simulating gas generation products and geometric
model parameters. A technique for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide simulating IPP gas generation products in
the combustion chamber air flow and the results of experimental investigations of a mixture formation process in the combustion
chamber model are described. 相似文献
636.
A mission template for exploration and damage mitigation of potential hazard of Near Earth Asteroids
D. C. Hyland H. A. Altwaijry R. Margulieux J. Doyle J. Sandberg B. Young N. Satak J. Lopez S. Ge X. Bai 《Cosmic Research》2010,48(5):437-442
The Apophis Exploratory and Mitigation Platform (AEMP) concept was developed as a prototype mission to explore and potentially
deflect the Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) 99942 Apophis. Deflection of the asteroid from the potential 2036 impact will be achieved
using a gravity tractor technique, while a permanent deflection, eliminating future threats, will be imparted using a novel
albedo manipulation technique. This mission will serve as an archetypal template for future missions to small NEAs and could
be adapted to mitigate the threat of collision with other potential Earth-crossing objects. 相似文献
637.
There are many sophisticated models and methods for estimating the size, cost, and schedule of software projects. However, the ability to accurately estimate software cost, size, or schedule is still dubious. In general, the predictive accuracy of models for estimating software development cost and schedule has not been shown to be better than “within 25 percent of actual cost or schedule, about one half of the time”, especially for Department of Defense software efforts. The same is true for software size estimating models and methods, although there are some studies that have shown superior results. For software support (or maintenance) cost estimation, no model has been demonstrated to be accurate. This paper presents a summary of efforts performed to date which demonstrate the accuracy (or lack thereof) of software models. The results of several studies in the areas of software development cost and schedule estimation, size estimation, and support cost estimation are presented to show what these models can and cannot do. Some ideas for improvement are also presented, including the results of some studies which may lead to a resolution of the accuracy conundrum which currently exists 相似文献
638.
The measured D/H ratios in interstellar environments and in the solar system are reviewed. The two extreme D/H ratios in solar
system water - (720±120)×10−6 in clay minerals and (88±11)×10−6 in chondrules, both from LL3 chondritic meteorites - are interpreted as the result of a progressive isotopic exchange in
the solar nebula between deuterium-rich interstellar water and protosolar H2. According to a turbulent model describing the evolution of the nebula (Drouart et al., 1999), water in the solar system cannot be a product of thermal (neutral) reactions occurring in the solar nebula. Taking
720×10−6 as a face value for the isotopic composition of the interstellar water that predates the formation of the solar nebula, numerical
simulations show that the water D/H ratio decreases via an isotopic exchange with H2. During the course of this process, a D/H gradient was established in the nebula. This gradient was smoothed with time and
the isotopic homogenization of the solar nebula was completed in 106 years, reaching a D/H ratio of 88×10−6. In this model, cometary water should have also suffered a partial isotopic re-equilibration with H2. The isotopic heterogeneity observed in chondrites result from the turbulent mixing of grains, condensed at different epochs
and locations in the solar nebula. Recent isotopic determinations of water ice in cold interstellar clouds are in agreement
with these chondritic data and their interpretation (Texeira et al., 1999).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
639.
Littlejohn K. DelPrincipe M.V. Preston J.D. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2000,15(11):3-7
Currently fielded embedded information systems face readiness challenges imposed by evolving missions and extended service lifespans. The ability to overcome these challenges is constrained by such factors as shrinking budgets, limited computational capacity and diminished manufacturing sources effects that impact both hardware and software options. Wholesale redevelopment is often cost prohibitive, particularly since large portions of embedded applications continue to fulfil mission requirements. Solutions must preserve prior investments while providing efficient pathways for continued technology refresh. A technology solution for affordable modernization of legacy system software is being development. The Embedded Information System Re-engineering (EISR) project is developing an automation-assisted JOVIAL-to-C re-engineering capability that permits simultaneous modernization of both the structure and source language of legacy embedded applications. Engineers will be able to apply the proven labor-saving visualization and analysis features of modern CASE tools to legacy JOVIAL applications. EISR will thus allow the DoD to recapture previous investments in proven legacy algorithms and mission capabilities while permitting the full exploitation of COTS economies of scale. This paper describes in brief the goals and objectives of the EISR project, and provides the current status of the EISR capability. 相似文献
640.