价值工程“龙”导弹计划

下面是刊登在雷锡恩公司1981年12月的《导弹消息》杂志上的一则报导:雷锡恩的布里斯托尔和亨茨维尔工厂的总经理最近宣布,有一笔482,000美元的款项付给价值工程变更提案(政府根据“龙”反坦克武器计划采纳的价值工程变更提案).价值工程是一项产品评价技术,它寻求在设计和制造某种部件时成本较低的取代方案,而不影响     

西欧航天计划的若干财政-政策观点和技术观点

主要阐述有关制定和执行西欧航天计划的若干财政-政策观点和技术观点.介绍降低“阿里安”族运载火箭成本的途径,即要批量生产和保持良好的继承性.分析西欧实现“赫尔墨斯”计划的可能性,认为西欧无论在技术上,还是在财政上都具有研制航天飞机的能力.对航天飞机的耐热结构、氢氧燃料电池、遥控机械手的研制作了讨论.     

NASA刘易斯研究中心试验小型相控阵天线

最近,NASA的一项试验验证了一种实验型机载天线用于飞机和卫星问通信的能力。该试验为新一代小而轻的卫星天线提供了希望。 纽约州锡拉丘兹的马丁马塔电子实验室、西雅图的波音国防和航天组以及德克萨斯州麦金尼的德克萨斯仪器电子系统部研制了一种实验型相控阵天线。5月份,NASA刘易斯研究中心利用它们在一架小型喷气式飞机和NASA的ACTS(先进通信技术)卫星间进行了话音通信。     

用计算流体力学解读急剧机翼失速

文章描述了在为期4年的急剧机翼失速（AWS）国家研究计划中用计算流体动力学所做的工作及获得的经验；详细论述了在跨音速机动状态现代美国战斗机和强击机遭遇到的跨音速流的复杂特性，内容包括针对这种高度复杂、有激波诱导的大分离粘性流动的网格处理、计算存储器和处理器要求、湍流模型、定常和非定常计算以及高度复杂的雷诺平均NS方程解与脱体涡模拟方法的比较。对F／A-18C飞机、AV-8B飞机、预生产F／A-18E飞机和F-16C飞机的跨音速机动状态进行了CFD模拟。模拟了各种襟翼位置，并将计算结果与大规模的风洞数据进行了比较；将结构与非结构网格获得的结果进行了对比；通过对模型在风洞中获得的表面油流和压敏涂层（psp）试验结果的定性比较以及有试验结果的详细定量压力系数数据来评估不同CFD方程式的适用性和计算精度。对比了这些计算软件和在这次研究中涉及的每种飞机的试验数据之间的静升力系数。     

含硝酸酯增塑剂的固体推进剂的脆化研究

本文介绍硝酸酯增塑的聚醚聚氨酯推进剂在低温贮存中,解决失去应变能力(脆化)问题的研究结果。这种高度增塑的推进剂在低温下短期贮存,几乎完全失去了应变能力。研究这种脆化的原因表明,交联密度以及粘合剂配方是起作用的因素。湿度曾被考虑是因素之一,但实验证明并非如此。实验表明增塑剂结晶是脆变的主要原因但不一定与增塑剂的凝固点有关。重新测定某些增塑剂的凝固点是研究工作的一部份。放入增塑剂晶体增加了推进剂脆变速度。单独采用丁三醇三硝酸酯(BTTN)或是混合增塑剂可以解决这个问题。采用混合增塑剂可以得到最好的低温性能。     

Sleep in space

Manned space flights have shown it is possible to sleep in microgravity. However, some sleep disturbances have been reported which influence performance of the crew and safety of space flight. This paper reviews the main studies of in-flight sleep in animal and man. Most disturbances are related to phase lags due to operational requirements. Factors which can disturb in-flight sleep are analysed: environmental factors. Some of them are secondary to space flight ergonomics. Conversely, effects of microgravity on light-dark alternance are less known and lead to interesting problems of fundamental research, psychological factors, especially during long duration flights.     

Humans to Mars: a feasibility and cost-benefit analysis

Mars is a compelling astrobiological target, and a human mission would provide an opportunity to collect immense amounts of scientific data. Exploration alone, however, cannot justify the increased risk. Instead, three factors drive a human mission: economics, education, and exploration. A human mission has a unique potential to inspire the next generation of young people to enter critically needed science and engineering disciplines. A mission is economically feasible, and the research and development program put in place for a human mission would propel growth in related high-technology industries. The main hurdles are human physiological responses to 1–2 years of radiation and microgravity exposure. However, enabling technologies are sufficiently mature in these areas that they can be developed within a few decade timescale. Hence, the decision of whether or not to undertake a human mission to Mars is a political decision, and thus, educational and economic benefits are the crucial factors.     

Voluntary head stabilization in space during trunk movements in weightlessness

The ability to voluntarily stabilize the head in space during lateral rhythmic oscillations of the trunk has been investigated during parabolic flights. Five healthy young subjects, who gave informed consent, were examined. The movements were performed with eyes open or eyes closed, either during phases of microgravity or phases of normal gravity. The main result to emerge from this study is that the head may be stabilized in space about the roll axis under microgravity conditions with, as well as without vision, despite the reduction of the vestibular afferent and the muscle proprioceptive inputs. Moreover, the absence of head stabilization about the yaw axis confirms that the degrees of freedom of the neck can be independently controlled, as it was previously shown [1]. These results seem to indicate that voluntary head stabilization does not depend crucially upon static vestibular afferents. Head stabilization in space may be in fact organized on the basis of either dynamic vestibular afferents or a postural body scheme.