基于图像的测量方法在工业风洞跨声速流测量中的最新进展

风洞中非定常复杂流场的实验研究要求先进的测量技术.基于图像的测量技术中最重要的是测量平面流速度场、平面压强分布、模型位置和变形、模型温度以及定量的高速流可视化等技术.DLR(德国宇航研究院)对这些技术的应用包括从低速流到跨声速流、从增升装置到螺旋桨和旋翼、从弹射装置和水塔储水罐尾迹流旋涡到三角翼上涡破裂现象等的研究.由于跨声速风洞的特殊环境,将基于图像的测量技术用于跨声速流要求专门的技术开发和有经验的科学家.给出了DLR空气动力学和流动技术研究所将基于图像的测量技术应用于跨声速流研究的最新进展.     

利用GPS遥控链路的天基停飞系统

本文研究了利用L波段遥控专利方案实现基于GPS靶场的真正综合式靶场测量系统必须解决的问题。着重讨论硬件及从单音调制遥控系统变换成采用加密和扩频的数字系统需解决的问题。还将谈到将该系统纳入美国空军靶场标准化和自动化(RAS)结构作为一种可能的GPS靶场方案所需费用和时间安排的一些想法,并讨论如果采用该方法将带来比现用系统的优越之处。     

平面磨削时表层质量过程监测参数的实验研究(2)——磨削表层应力状态的过程监测和预报

磨削表面残余应力状态是影响许多机器零件使用性能的重要表面特性之一。但它极难在磨削过程中进行监测和判断。 在平面磨床上进行大量16MoCr5表面硬化钢的磨削试验证明,磨削表面残余应力σ_Ⅱ与单位面积磨削功率P″_c及磨削力比F_n/F_t间存在很好的函数对应关系,在实验数据的基础上应用回归分析的方法建立了用过程特征参量计算表面残余测定仪应力的实验公式。当P″_c:未超过第二临界值P″_(cⅡ)时,用残余应力模型所计算的数值与由X射线应力测定仪测定的数值相符合。而在超过该临界值P″_(cⅡ)的情况下,由于磨削烧伤引起表面产生二次淬硬层其至裂纹,这时计算所得的高的拉应力值不就能在工件表面测得。 综合本研究课题的第一部分及本文的结果表明,单位面积磨削功率P″_c和磨削力比F_n/F可以作为磨削过程监测和预报表层质量的可靠的过程特征参量应用于生产实践。     

激光测控通信技术研究进展与趋势

激光测控通信技术作为航天测控通信领域的一项新技术,具有作用距离远、测量精度高、通信速率快、抗电磁干扰能力强等优势。介绍了美国、欧盟、日本和俄罗斯在激光测控通信技术领域的最新研究进展和计划,总结了典型激光测控通信系统的主要性能指标,分析了激光测控通信技术的发展趋势,并结合我国激光测控通信技术研究现状提出几点发展建议。     

稳定的文氏电桥振荡器设计

幅度稳定度和频率稳定度是设计振荡器的主要问题。后者一般是涉及选择适当的元件,而前者是这里设计的放大器要解决的。若振幅稳定度和失真要求不高,简单的限幅型振荡器一般就足够了。获得幅度稳定的一种方法是加入诸如自     

Pascal与Ada的比较

本文将比较 Pascal 和 Ada 这两种程序设计语言。Ada 以:Pascal 为基础,而它们的设计目标却截然不同。Pascal 是为教学设计的,而 Ada 是为较大的军用软件系统设计的。仅当 Pascal的局限性不致影响应用程序设计时,Pascal 的简明性才是方便的。     

An Event Horizon Imager(EHI) Mission Concept Utilizing Medium Earth Orbit Sub-mm Interferometry

Submillimeter interferometry has the potential to image supermassive black holes on event horizon scales, providing tests of the theory of general relativity and increasing our understanding of black hole accretion processes. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) performs these observations from the ground, and its main imaging targets are Sagittarius A* in the Galactic Center and the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. However, the EHT is fundamentally limited in its performance by atmospheric effects and sparse terrestrial (u,v)-coverage (Fourier sampling of the image). The scientific interest in quantitative studies of the horizon size and shape of these black holes has motivated studies into using space interferometry which is free of these limitations. Angular resolution considerations and interstellar scattering effects push the desired observing frequency to bands above 500 GHz.
This paper presents the requirements for meeting these science goals, describes the concept of interferometry from Polar or Equatorial Medium Earth Orbits (PECMEO) which we dub the Event Horizon Imager (EHI), and utilizes suitable space technology heritage. In this concept, two or three satellites orbit at slightly different orbital radii, resulting in a dense and uniform spiral-shaped (u,v)-coverage over time. The local oscillator signals are shared via an inter-satellite link, and the data streams are correlated on-board before final processing on the ground. Inter-satellite metrology and satellite positioning are extensively employed to facilitate the knowledge of the instrument position vector, and its time derivative. The European space heritage usable for both the front ends and the antenna technology of such an instrument is investigated. Current and future sensors for the required inter-satellite metrology are listed. Intended performance estimates and simulation results are given.      

The Aouda.X space suit simulator and its applications to astrobiology

We have developed the space suit simulator Aouda.X, which is capable of reproducing the physical and sensory limitations a flight-worthy suit would have on Mars. Based upon a Hard-Upper-Torso design, it has an advanced human-machine interface and a sensory network connected to an On-Board Data Handling system to increase the situational awareness in the field. Although the suit simulator is not pressurized, the physical forces that lead to a reduced working envelope and physical performance are reproduced with a calibrated exoskeleton. This allows us to simulate various pressure regimes from 0.3-1 bar. Aouda.X has been tested in several laboratory and field settings, including sterile sampling at 2800 m altitude inside a glacial ice cave and a cryochamber at -110°C, and subsurface tests in connection with geophysical instrumentation relevant to astrobiology, including ground-penetrating radar, geoacoustics, and drilling. The communication subsystem allows for a direct interaction with remote science teams via telemetry from a mission control center. Aouda.X as such is a versatile experimental platform for studying Mars exploration activities in a high-fidelity Mars analog environment with a focus on astrobiology and operations research that has been optimized to reduce the amount of biological cross contamination. We report on the performance envelope of the Aouda.X system and its operational limitations.     

美国“扩展空间传感器体系结构”研发及应用分析

正用于空间监视的传感器水平十分重要,因其决定着所获取空间态势感知数据的多少。空间态势感知数据的传输与共享技术在空间作战中也同样扮演着重要角色,受限时也会导致数据无法充分利用。由于空间资产在国家安全中的重要性日益提升,美国对空间态势感知越来越重视。为了保护美国的空间资产免于自然灾害和人为     

航天飞机指控中心Unix工作站中专家系统的实时数据获取

最具代表性的美国技术杰作之一可能是位于德克萨斯州休斯顿的约翰逊航天中心的航天指挥控制中心(MCC)。该中心各指挥室经历了美国技术史上许多重大事件,如首次登月、营救天空实验室以及首次发射航天飞机。60年代初MCC首次启用时,的确是技术杰作。然而该设施自阿波罗任务后只进行过不大的改进。直到最近,它仍然维持着以单主机的结构,