用声技术进行制导武器组合环境可靠性试验

导弹系统的组合环境可靠性试验条件必须是真实的,如果要想达到下面三个目的的话:a.验证在工作环境条件下性能的可靠性;b.证实系统的平均无故障时间(MTBF);c.鉴定在服役期间可能出现的故障方式。声学方法是真实地模拟制导武器机载和自由飞结构振动响应环境的关键,因为它是利用产生     

用于介电常数测量的微波振荡环

本文设计并分析了一种微波振荡环路，这种振荡环路由一个装有不介质腔体若干个放大器和传输线路构成，用于室温和高温下采样的介电常数测量。采用Ｓ参数法推导了一个任意环路的振荡条件，按照这一振荡条件，证明环路相位的常用振荡和增益条件只有在Ｓ１１＝Ｓ２１＝０或Ｓ２２＝Ｓ１２＝０两种特殊情况下才成立，根据Ｓ参数振荡条件，设计了一种原理模型，并证明此电路模型理论上计算出的频率和实际测量的振荡频率间误差小于０．０４     

Temperature and moisture conditions for life in the extreme arid region of the Atacama desert: four years of observations including the El Niño of 1997-1998

The Atacama along the Pacific Coast of Chile and Peru is one of the driest and possibly oldest deserts in the world. It represents an extreme habitat for life on Earth and is an analog for life in dry conditions on Mars. We report on four years (September 1994-October 1998) of climate and moisture data from the extreme arid region of the Atacama. Our data are focused on understanding moisture sources and their role in creating suitable environments for photosynthetic microorganisms in the desert surface. The average air temperature was 16.5 degrees C and 16.6 degrees C in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The maximum air temperature recorded was 37.9 degrees C, and the minimum was -5.7 degrees C. Annual average sunlight was 336 and 335 W m(-2) in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Winds averaged a few meters per second, with strong f?hn winds coming from the west exceeding 12 m s(-1). During our 4 years of observation there was only one significant rain event of 2.3 mm, which occurred near midnight local time. We suggest that this event was a rainout of a heavy fog. It is of interest that the strong El Ni?o of 1997-1998 brought heavy rainfall to the deserts of Peru, but did not bring significant rain to the central Atacama in Chile. Dew occurred at our station frequently following high nighttime relative humidity, but is not a significant source of moisture in the soil or under stones. Groundwater also does not contribute to surface moisture. Only the one rain event of 2.3 mm resulted in liquid water in the soil and beneath stones for a total of only 65-85 h over 4 years. The paucity of liquid water under stones is consistent with the apparent absence of hypolithic (under-stone) cyanobacteria, the only known primary producers in such extreme deserts.     

Impact seeding and reseeding in the inner solar system

Assuming that asteroidal and cometary impacts onto Earth can liberate material containing viable microorganisms, we studied the subsequent distribution of the escaping impact ejecta throughout the inner Solar System on time scales of 30,000 years. Our calculations of the delivery rates of this terrestrial material to Mars and Venus, as well as back to Earth, indicate that transport to great heliocentric distances may occur in just a few years and that the departure speed is significant. This material would have been efficiently and quickly dispersed throughout the Solar System. Our study considers the fate of all the ejected mass (not just the slowly moving material), and tabulates impact rates onto Venus and Mars in addition to Earth itself. Expressed as a fraction of the ejected particles, roughly 0.1% and 0.001% of the ejecta particles would have reached Venus and Mars, respectively, in 30,000 years, making the biological seeding of those planets viable if the target planet supported a receptive environment at the time. In terms of possibly safeguarding terrestrial life by allowing its survival in space while our planet cools after a major killing thermal pulse, we show via our 30,000- year integrations that efficient return to Earth continues for this duration. Our calculations indicate that roughly 1% of the launched mass returns to Earth after a major impact regardless of the impactor speed; although a larger mass is ejected following impacts at higher speeds, a smaller fraction of these ejecta is returned. Early bacterial life on Earth could have been safeguarded from any purported impact-induced extinction by temporary refuge in space.     

一种具有极低交叉极化特性的弯曲口径波纹喇叭

文章详细叙述了具有恒定曲率半径、口径向外扩张的HE_(11)混合模波纹喇叭的设计和特性,以及喇叭馈电所需要的波纹波导模转换器的设计要点。若给定的曲率半径在设计频率f_0处大于波长的1.2倍左右,则交叉极化旁瓣强度随喇叭频率特性而明显变化,且在f_0附近有低于-50dB的极小值。因此,建议在要求极低交叉极化电平的场合下把这种喇叭作为标准喇叭。文中的归一化曲线显示了作为喇叭参数函数的交叉极化、波束宽度和相位中心的位置,当在1.36:1的频带宽度时,并没受到交叉极化性能的限制,而在频带低端边缘附近,受到反射损耗急剧劣化的影响。对于给定的交叉极化电平,其带宽随曲率半径的增大而增加。文中详细讨论了为获得低交叉极化电平而必备的预防措施以及在模转换器设计中的基本原理。     

喷管潛入对固体火箭稳定性的影响

通常用计算燃烧室内部小振幅振荡的增长或衰减速率来确定固体推进剂火箭燃烧室的线性稳定性。用纯增一衰系数αgd 表示燃烧室压力扰动状态的通用表达式为:P_1(z,t)-P(z)e~(αgdt) e~(iωt) (1)此表达式中,以系数αgd 的符号确定扰动的增衰。可证明,αgd 能以下列关系表示:     

机载合成孔径雷达系统目标内部振动的时间频率分析

在机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中，目标内部振动可能引起方位模糊。在SAR图像的相干积累期间，反射器的任何运动都会在相应反射器相位历史中引起相位调制。对于正弦波运动，相位调制会导致常常与固定反射器难以区分的边带。本文从时间相关多普勒频率的角度对这种调制进行了描述。时间-频率方法是解决这些情况的有用工具。在许多可能的时间-频率方法中，作者们都选择了这种自适应最优（AOK）方法，并用AOK方法分析了机载SAR图像内的壁板振动反射器。其振动很明显，并根据时间-频率分布估算了各个振动参数。这些参数与实际情况非常一致。尤其是与振动频率吻合良好，尽管振幅不是很精确，但仍然比较好。     

复合谐振器的寄生谐振及模型

已经研究出几种可用于说明复合谐振器特性的三维模型。由这些模型推算出的谐振频谱(包括寄生谐振频率)与实验数据符合得很好。发现谐振器的几何形状和尺寸是引起寄生谐振的直接原因,并且与主谐振有重要的关系。已经发现谐振频率和材料性能密切相关,并对其实质进行了讨论。     

TRKI-12遥测接收/记录机组中几个重要方面的进一步改进

本文考查了目前安装在东靶场的TRKI—12检前接收/记录机分系统中的几项主要性能,并考交了预期进一步改进的项目。介绍了两个系统的性能特点,这两个系统是由不同的厂商按同一规格分别生产的。几个需着重研究的方面是:接收部分、记录部分以及辅助测试和校准设备。 1962年,为接收/记录机分系统提出任务书的时候,就作出了这样的决定,即要求将接收机与另外一些部件分成若干组件。评述了该决定所碰到的问题及其产生的优点,但侧重于涉及即将改进的若干问题。本文最后简要列出了需进一步改进的项目。为了满足对遥测接收/记录所提的要求,这些改进是完全必要的。