大型火箭发动机的壳体粘结问题

大型药柱的壳体粘结很少进行研究,往往成为火箭发动机生产中很困难的问题。当柔软的橡胶与坚硬的金属壳体粘结时,在粘结线上产生应力集中,会使成品发动机变得不能用。推进剂和壳体粘结的常用方法是采用可固化的胶粘剂包复层。业已证明,包复层和推进剂之间必须具有化学相似性才能很好粘结。本文列举了具体体现这一概念的粘结系统实例,并叙述其间有关的特殊化学反应。     

二维热线探针在三维流测量中的应用

从理论和实用两方面对二维热线探针在三维流测量中的应用进行了探索,较全面地考虑了影响热线测量的各种因素;推导出了比较适用的将X型二维探针用于三维流场测量的公式,并进行了实验研究;结果表明,所提供的方法比较简单和方便,利用此法,对三维紊流流场进行了测量,其效果令人满意。     

Sulfuric acid Speleogenesis associated with a glacially driven groundwater system-paleo-spring "pipes" at Borup Fiord Pass, Nunavut

Gypsum filled "pipe" features were discovered in the proglacial area of the Borup Fiord Pass supraglacial sulfur spring. Stable isotope data suggest that gypsum is formed through oxidation of sulfides and are consistent with models of sulfuric acid speleogenesis. These results suggest that gypsum pipes are paleo-spring discharge channels analogous to those that feed the modern sulfur spring at Borup Fiord. A conceptual model is proposed whereby retreat of the glacial front and associated growth of permafrost in ground exposed now to low arctic temperatures leads to "freezing-in" of the spring system and abandonment of old channels in favor of more open flow systems in the subglacial region. Results provide a model for glacially driven groundwater systems that may form in association with Mars' polar icecaps and potential geological signatures for paleo-groundwater discharge.     

颗粒气体的类气液相变

颗粒体系是远离平衡态的复杂耗散体系,在外力驱动下,能表现出类似于固体、液体或气体的特性.在稀疏的颗粒气体中,由于耗散,体系中常常会形成颗粒在局部的凝聚.这种凝聚行为具有自发对称性破缺的特征,使得颗粒气体中自动形成高密度区域和低密度区域共存的非均匀状态,类似于气体中液滴的形成.本文利用零重力条件下的三维颗粒气体理论模型进行计算和分析,揭示了颗粒气体这一相变行为的不稳定性根源及类气液相变本质,给出了颗粒气体中这种相分离发生的临界条件,并通过分子动力学模拟进行检验,结果从定性上和定量上都能够很好地吻合,为进一步的空间实验提供了理论依据和相关实验参数.     

遥测数据质量评估方法研究与应用

针对遥测数据质量评估问题,采用模糊层次综合分析方法,建立了数据质量评估模型,并详细论述其评估思路和应用步骤。试验结果证明,该方法有较好的适用性和实用性。     

矩形波导H—E面均匀弯头的多模等效网络表示法

矩形波导的均匀弯头是许多地面及空间微波子系统经常使用的器件。因此，需要利用它们精确，有产儿的全波特性来开发用以分析和设计复杂波导结构的现代ＣＡＤ工具。     

B-2今年将进入初步作战状态

美军方和国会在对是否增加B-2轰炸机采购量的问题进行了几番激烈的争论之后,最后终于作出了不再增加采购量的决定。即在1997财年无需为采购附加的B-2轰炸机投资。空军关于B-2轰炸机的采购工作将在第20架时结束。至此,美国为该机的发展和研究以及采购的总投资额将保持在444亿美元。     

Discrimination of aqueous and aeolian paleoenvironments by atomic force microscopy-- a database for the characterization of martian sediments

In the search for aqueous habitats on Mars direct proof of (ancient) flowing water is still lacking, although remote sensing has provided indications of young fluvial systems. To demonstrate that such proof can be given, we examined surface marks on recent terrestrial sand grains by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and applied a quantitative three-dimensional analysis that can numerically distinguish between aeolian and aquatic transport mechanisms in sedimentary deposits on Earth. The surfaces of natural quartz grains as well as olivine, feldspar pyroxene, and monazite sands of known origin were imaged, each image yielding a three-dimensional map of the mineral surface. A fully automated analysis of distribution patterns of the structural elements that constitute the grain surfaces shows that wind-transported quartz grains have short linear elements irregularly distributed on the surface. Linear elements on water-transported grains, however, are longer with orientations that reflect the mineral symmetry. Because the surface patterns found on aqueous grains are due to preferential etching, they can be used as diagnostic fingerprints for the existence of past or present aqueous transport systems. We used a cluster analysis of the cross-correlation distance of distribution patterns in the structures of aeolian and aquatic sand grains to build a phenogram that provides a map for the relationship of the various sediments found on earth. The analysis shows that the method is highly significant and that water and wind transport can clearly be differentiated. In particular, feldspar and olivine sands contributed even more to the discrimination than quartz grains, which indicated that the method is promising for its application on future missions to Mars. Assuming that martian aqueous sand grains exhibit similar erosional patterns to mineral grains on Earth, simple AFM experiments on a Mars lander would be capable of proving the activity of flowing water in modern runoff systems and of analyzing the paleoenvironments of Mars.