Comparison of Diurnal,Seasonal and Solar Cycle Variations of High-latitude,Mid-latitude and Low-latitude Ionosphere

Comparison of regular (diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle) variations of high-latitude,mid-latitude and low-latitude ionospheric characteristics has been provided on basis of local empirical models of the peak electron density and the peak height. The local empirical models were derived from the hand-scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 digisondes located at Norilsk (69°N, 88°E), Irkutsk (52°N, 104°E) and Hainan (19°N, 109°E) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The technique used to build the local empirical model is described. The primary focus is diurnal-seasonal behavior under low solar activity and its change with increasing solar activity. Both common and specific features of the high-latitude (Norilsk), mid-latitude (Irkutsk) and low-latitude (Hainan) regular variations were revealed using their local empirical models.      

Potential of cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy for the detection of prokaryotic cells on minerals

Detecting mineral-hosted ecosystems to assess the extent and functioning of the biosphere from the surface to deep Earth requires appropriate techniques that provide, beyond the morphological criteria, indubitable clues of the presence of prokaryotic cells. Here, we evaluate the capability of cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy, implemented on a scanning electron microscope, to identify prokaryotes on mineral surfaces. For this purpose, we used, as a first step, a simple model of either unstained or stained cultivable cells (Escherichia coli, Deinococcus radiodurans) deposited on minerals that are common in the oceanic crust (basaltic glass, amphibole, pyroxene, and magnetite). Our results demonstrate that the detection of cells is possible at the micrometric level on the investigated minerals through the intrinsic fluorescence of their constituting macromolecules (aromatic amino and nucleic acids, coenzymes). This allows us to distinguish biomorph inorganic phases from cells. This easily implemented technique permits an exploration of colonized rock samples. In addition, the range of spectrometric techniques available on a scanning electron microscope can provide additional information on the nature and chemistry of the associated mineral phases, which would lead to a simultaneous characterization of cells, their microhabitats, and a better understanding of their potential relationships.     

DAME: planetary-prototype drilling automation

We describe results from the Drilling Automation for Mars Exploration (DAME) project, including those of the summer 2006 tests from an Arctic analog site. The drill hardware is a hardened, evolved version of the Advanced Deep Drill by Honeybee Robotics. DAME has developed diagnostic and executive software for hands-off surface operations of the evolved version of this drill. The DAME drill automation tested from 2004 through 2006 included adaptively controlled drilling operations and the downhole diagnosis of drilling faults. It also included dynamic recovery capabilities when unexpected failures or drilling conditions were discovered. DAME has developed and tested drill automation software and hardware under stressful operating conditions during its Arctic field testing campaigns at a Mars analog site.     

Glycine identification in natural jarosites using laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry: implications for the search for life on Mars

The jarosite group minerals have received increasing attention since the discovery of jarosite on the martian surface by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. Given that jarosite can incorporate foreign ions within its structure, we have investigated the use of jarosite as an indicator of aqueous and biological processes on Earth and Mars. The use of laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry has revealed the presence of organic matter in several jarosite samples from various locations worldwide. One of the ions from the natural jarosites has been attributed to glycine because it was systematically observed in combinations of glycine with synthetic ammonium and potassium jarosites, Na(2)SO(4) and K(2)SO(4). The ability to observe these organic signatures in jarosite samples with an in situ instrumental technique, such as the one employed in this study, furthers the goals of planetary geologists to determine whether signs of life (e.g., the presence of biomolecules or biomolecule precursors) can be detected in the rock record of terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples.     

内涵道风扇带辅助增压级混合式涡扇发动机的性能计算

阐述了喷口亚临界工作状态下混合式涡扇发动机性能的计算方法,计算的特点在于所研究发动机的风扇在内涵道中辅助增压级。同时,列出了确定内涵道带辅助增压级的风扇及其涡轮共同工作的方法框图,在风扇特性图上表示了不同M数下的共同工作线,并对这类发动机的高度－速度特性进行了计算。     

快速响应的交直流电压变换器

交直流电压变换器(以下简称ΠH)是多种测量仪器和装置的重要组成部份。它的基本特征(直线性,精确度,响应速度)常常决定了整个装置的质量。交直流变换器的响应速度受到用来抑制其输出电压中谐波分量(即非信息成分)的滤波器惯性的限制。     

X-31的“击毁”率超过预计

与不同军用飞机之间的空战模拟试验显示,X-31的“击毁”率达到32:1,从而证明了“敏捷性”战斗机比常规战斗机有绝对的空战优势。 X-31在利用推力矢量后,在与F/A-18和F-4对抗中显示的飞行性能竟然高于模拟器上表现的三倍。 空战模拟分为两个阶段,第一阶段X-31不使用推力矢量。F/A-18采用了海军布局,但加挂了一个中心机腹外挂舱,以使F/A-18与X-31的性能更为匹配。由于没有推力矢量,X-31的持续转弯半径和转弯率都略差于F/A-18,而且在ACM(主动对抗)中,X-31几乎损失一半。 第二阶段,X-31使用了推力矢量系统和飞行控制系统。X-31与F/     

实时UNIX遥测支持系统

当今,遥测技术的应用需要越来越多的计算功能。低档次和中档次的 RISC 和CISC 计算机正迅速地采用 UNIX 操作系统。在这里,讨论的重点集中于“一个完整的 UNIX 操作系统是否能在一个高速数据传输速率及实时环境中运行?”这个长期存在的问题。     

ON SPECTRAL PROBLEM FOR VISCOUS SHEAR FLOWS

INTRODUCTIONLarge- scale complex eigenvalue problemsarising in continuum physics and engineering ap-plications are important not only because theyyield fundamental knowledge on the systems be-ing studied,they also provide a challenging con-textforthe developmentof numerical and analyt-ical techniques in their solution.In this paper,we re- examine the well- known Orr- Sommerfeldproblem which governs the linear stability of par-allel shear flows.More specifically,we are con-cerned with the …