含金属相变材料温控组件的研究

研究使用一种含有金属相变材料（Phase Change material,PCM）的温控组件（Thermal Control Component,TCC）对航天器上的有效载荷进行温度控制。通过对载荷的温控需求分析,设计并制备了以Ga-Sn合金为PCM的TCC,并通过地面模拟实验对TCC的温控性能进行测试。实验结果表明这种含有Ga-Sn合金的TCC满足载荷的温控需求。最后在仿真软件中建立了TCC的相变传热仿真模型用于预测TCC的温控性能。结果表明：仿真模型计算所得结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于预测TCC的温控性能。     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

VTS雷达站选址问题优化模型

船舶交通管理系统（VTS,Vessel Traffic Services）雷达站选址方案对整个系统的功能正常发挥有重要影响.首先运用多层次模糊综合评价方法对雷达站候选点进行初选;然后建立了雷达站选址双目标优化模型,第1目标为总成本最小,包括雷达站的建设成本和雷达站与VTS中心的线路铺设成本,第2目标为被多重覆盖的水域单元权重之和最大;最后针对模型设计了遗传算法.算例分析显示,模糊综合评价可能去掉一些候选点,使得目标函数值变差,但是增加了方案的实际可行性.将程序运行10次,计算结果具有稳定性,本算法是收敛和稳定的,模型是可行的.     

基于未知地标被动观测的飞航导弹SINS俯仰姿态误差估计方法

针对飞航导弹单独使用时SINS存在姿态估计精度随时间降低的问题,提出了基于未知地标被动观测的SINS俯仰姿态误差估计方法。首先,根据飞航导弹中制导段飞行的特点,把SINS俯仰姿态误差估计问题转化为攻角估计问题。然后,在不改变导弹巡航路径的前提下,利用弹上成像导引头对视场内任意未知地标连续被动观测,分别提出了弹体坐标系和速度坐标系下的攻角估计方法,并分析了观测噪声对量测方程系数的影响。最后,利用平均去噪的思想对估计结果进行处理,提高了SINS俯仰姿态误差的估计精度。仿真结果表明：两种方法都能有效估计出飞航导弹SINS俯仰姿态量测误差。     

喷管两相流耦合数值模拟与粒子热增量预测

含有氧化铝粒子的两相流是固体火箭发动机喷管流场的重要特征.在有限体积方法框架下,采用基于热增量试验数据的粒子壁面反弹模型以及基于粒子轨道的单元内颗粒源(PSIC,Particle Source in Cell)两相流耦合算法,对喷管内两相流流场及粒子撞击产生的壁面热增量进行了计算和分析,研究了氧化铝粒子尺寸对粒子轨道分布和喷管壁面热增量分布的影响规律.研究结果表明:喷管扩张段内粒子稀疏区域范围随粒子直径增加而增大;粒子热增量只分布于喷管收缩段内,粒子直径越大,产生的壁面热增量越强.     

考虑跟踪制导的小天体着陆轨迹闭环优化方法

针对小天体着陆环境存在参数不确定性及初始状态偏差的特点,提出一种小天体着陆闭环优化方法,实现在节省燃料消耗的同时降低对参数的敏感度。首先,建立小天体着陆动力学模型,分析了燃料最优着陆问题;然后,采用线性二次型调节器设计了反馈制导律,推导闭环敏感度矩阵方程,构造燃料消耗和敏感度加权的性能指标,进而能够通过优化降低小天体着陆过程的敏感度。仿真结果表明,该闭环优化方法能有效降低对参数不确定性和初始状态偏差的敏感度,最终达到提高小天体着陆位置和速度精度的目标。     

基于多Agent协同诊断的飞机液压系统综合监控技术

 通过对智能化诊断技术的研究,提出将人工智能多智体（Agent）技术应用于飞机液压系统综合监控系统中。构建了基于多种油样分析的多智体协同诊断专家系统方案,并开发了飞机液压系统状态监控专家系统（AHMES1.0）,应用于飞机液压系统的磨损故障监控。专家系统由污染分析Agent、理化分析Agent、铁谱分析Agent、光谱分析Agent、融合诊断Agent及综合诊断Agent构成,综合诊断Agent负责控制和管理其他Agent进行协同诊断。根据飞机液压系统诊断的实际情况,给出了各Agent的诊断规则。最后用实际的故障案例进行了验证,表明了多智体协同诊断的有效性。     

外加剂对聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土的早期抗裂性影响

采用平板限制收缩试验法,研究了减水剂与膨胀剂及其复合技术对聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性大小顺序为:UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞AEA混凝土膨胀剂与萘系减水剂复合的纤维增强高性能混凝土＞纤维增强高性能混凝土.因此,采用UEA-N混凝土膨胀剂与聚羧酸高效减水剂的复合外加剂技术和聚丙烯纤维增强技术是防止高性能混凝土发生塑性收缩开裂的比较理想的技术措施.     

全玻璃真空管型太阳热水器内流场的CFD模拟

全玻璃真空管型太阳热水器是技术相对成熟、应用最广的太阳能利用方式.通过对全玻璃真空管型太阳热水器内流场的计算流体力学模拟,研究了器内的对流换热过程,分析了真空管截面的流体流动速度分布,考察了真空管不同位置处的流体循环速度及箱体内水温对循环速度的影响.结果表明,随着流体温度的升高,器内出现随机的湍动涡流;涡流的存在将造成管内冷热流体的混和,对换热过程不利;在真空管内安置引流挡板将抑制流体的湍动,确保有序的热对流流动,提高对流换热效率.研究结果有助于剖析热水器内对流换热的机理,对技术革新提供参考.