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821.
M.J. Hagyard R.L. Moore A.G. Emslie 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(7):71-80
We present observational results and their physical implications garnered from the deliberations of the FBS Magnetic Shear Study Group on magnetic field shear in relation to flares. The observed character of magnetic shear and its involvement in the buildup and release of flare energy are reviewed and illustrated with emphasis on recent results from the Marshall Space Flight Center vector magnetograph. It is pointed out that the magnetic field in active regions can become sheared by several processes, including shear flow in the photosphere, flux emergence, magnetic reconnection, and flux submergence. Modeling studies of the buildup of stored magnetic energy by shearing are reported which show ample energy storage for flares. Observational evidence is presented that flares are triggered when the field shear reaches a critical degree, in qualitative agreement with some theoretical analyses of sheared force-free fields. Finally, a scenario is outlined for the class of flares resulting from large-scale magnetic shear; the overall instability driving the energy release results from positive feedback between reconnection and eruption of the sheared field. 相似文献
822.
Organisms use gravity for spatial orientation, and differentiation into species during evolution follows geological processes which are caused by gravity. On the other hand, the task of most organismic functions which have or may have a relation to gravity is to compensate gravity. Furthermore, today it is very obvious that organisms do not disintegrate under the conditions of weightlessness, at least for the currently tested durations. These previous statements indicate a large field of still unknown regulation and adaptation mechanisms. Experiments to simulate weightlessness on the fast clinostat and with hyper-g show a highly developed ability of the genetic chain and of differentiating cells in being autonomous against mechanical stresses caused by outer accelerations. Nevertheless, different strong and slight changes of different tested end points were found. The question remains if the cells react actively or only passively. 相似文献
823.
Kenneth R. Lang Robert F. Willson 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(11):91-100
We present observations of flaring active regions with the Very Large Array (V.L.A. at 6 cm and 20 cm wavelengths) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (W.S.R.T. at 6 cm wavelength). These are compared with photospheric magnetograms (Meudon) and with Hα and offband Hα photographs (Big Bear and Ottawa River Solar Observatories). The 6 cm radiation of these active regions marks the legs of dipolar loops which have their footpoints in lower-lying sunspots. The intense, million degree radiation at 6 cm lies above sunspot umbrae in coronal regions where the longitudinal magnetic field strength H? = 600 Gauss and the height above the sunspot umbrae h = 3.5±0.5 × 109 cm. Circularly polarized horseshoe structures at 6 cm ring the sunspot umbrae. The high degree of circular polarization (?c = 95%) of the horseshoes is attributed to gyroresonant emission above sunspot? penumbrae. The 20 cm radiation of these active regions exhibits looplike coronal structures which extend across regions of opposite magnetic polarity in the underlying photosphere. The 20 cm loops are the radio wavelength counterparts of the X-ray coronal loops. We infer semilengths L = 5 × 109 cm, maximum electron temperatures Te(max) = 3 × 106 K, emission measures ∫Ne2d = 1028 cm?5, and electron densities Ne = 109 cm?3 (or pressures p = 1 dyn cm?2) for the 20 cm bremsstrahlung. A total of eight solar bursts were observed at 6 cm or 20 cm wavelength with second-of-arc angular resolution. The regions of burst energy were all resolved with angular sizes between 5″ and 30″, brightness temperatures between 2 × 107 K and 2 × 108 K, and degrees of circular polarization between 10% and 90%. The impulsive phase of the radio bursts are located near the magnetic neutral lines of the active regions, and between the flaring Hα kernels which mark the footpoints of magnetic loops. In one case there was preburst heating in the coronal loop in which a burst occurred. Snapshot maps at 10 s intervals reveal interesting burst evolution including rapid changes of circular polarization and an impulsive burst which was physically separated from both the preburst radio emission and the gradual decay phase of the burst. 相似文献
824.
The effect of random errors in the steering vector of an Applebaum adaptive array is examined. Each component of the steering vector is assumed to have a random error component uncorrelated between elements. The array output signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio (SINR) is computed as a function of the error variance. It is shown that the array output SINR becomes more sensitive to steering vector errors as more elements are added to the array and as the received desired signal power becomes larger. The variance of the steering vector error that may be tolerated depends on the required desired signal dynamic range. The larger the dynamic range that must be accommodated, the smaller the error variance must be. 相似文献
825.
The application of importance sampling to the efficient simulation of low-probability events is discussed. Several examples are given to illustrate how the technique works for processes involving single and multiple statistical inputs. A procedure is also given for handling the case of multiple inputs where each is from a different statistical process. 相似文献
826.
M.J. Smith J.B. Gregory A.H. Manson C.E. Meek R. Schminder D. Ku¨rschner K. Labitzke 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(10):173-176
The global developments of the four stratospheric events (~20–50 km) are described, using balloon, satellite and rocket data. Winds data for heights of 60–95 km, derived from L.F. drift (52°N, 15°E; Europe) and M.F. radar (52°N, 107°W; Canada), are then compared with the stratospheric data. There is clear evidence that the preliminary planetary waves often penetrate strongly to ~90 km, and that mean wind reversals also occur. However, there are dramatic differences between European and Canadian mesospheric responses. 相似文献
827.
R.L. Dowden 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(2):173-182
Non-linear amplification of a monochromatic VLF transmission in the magnetosphere produces an output fluctuating in amplitude and phase, and so is not monochromatic. This output can usually be resolved into two waves: one similar to the input, but stronger, and a higher frequency sideband or “embryo emission”. The established theory is outlined as far as it goes. 相似文献
828.
With the advent of a permanently manned Space Station, the longstanding problems of radiation protection in manned spaceflight have acquired an immediacy. This paper endeavors to emphasize the gaps of our knowledge which must be closed for effective radiation protection. The information that is required includes the accurate determination of the exposure inside the space station to the various components of the ionizing radiation, the evaluation of the biological importance of the different radiation qualities and the depth-dose distribution of the less penetrating component. There is also the possibility of an interaction with weightlessness. It is necessary to establish adequate radiation protection standards and a system of dosimetric surveillance. There is a need for studies of methods on the possibilities of hardening selective shielding of the space station. Spaceflight experiments, which might contribute to the solution of some of these problems are discussed. 相似文献
829.
Johnson S.D. Witulski A.F. Erickson R.W. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1988,24(3):263-274
Because of their tolerance of transformer nonidealities, resonant converters are considered to be well-suited to high-voltage applications. The series and parallel resonant topologies, as well as a newly discovered hybrid resonant topology are compared for high-voltage applications. Design criteria which incorporate transformer nonidealities are developed and used in the construction of high voltage prototypes for each topology. It is found that the parallel topology leads to the lowest peak switch current and the most ideal behavior 相似文献
830.
M. Grewing A. Vidal-Madjar A. Labeque C. Laurent A. Boksenberg C. Burgio S. di Serego Alighieri G.P. Whitcomb W. Burton C.I. Coleman R. Hoekstra C. Jamar J. Lequeux P. Rafanelli 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(4):147-151
Magellan is one of the future space projects being studied by the European Space Agency. The aim is to provide high resolution (λ/Δλ ≥ 2.5 × 104) spectra in the far and extreme UV (between 500 and 1550 Å) of faint galactic and extragalactic objects (V ≤ 16m). The instrument consists of a mechanical collimator, a concave holographic grating and a bidimensional photon-counting detector. A low resolution mode (λ/Δλ ≥ 103) will provide spectra of objects as faint as 18m.5. Magellan is planned as an observatory, operated in real time, and allowing interaction with the observer. 相似文献