Responses of the upper middle atmosphere (60–110 km) to the stratwarms of the four pre-map winters (1978/9–1981/2)

The global developments of the four stratospheric events (～20–50 km) are described, using balloon, satellite and rocket data. Winds data for heights of 60–95 km, derived from L.F. drift (52°N, 15°E; Europe) and M.F. radar (52°N, 107°W; Canada), are then compared with the stratospheric data. There is clear evidence that the preliminary planetary waves often penetrate strongly to ～90 km, and that mean wind reversals also occur. However, there are dramatic differences between European and Canadian mesospheric responses.     

Non-linear magnetospheric amplification of VLF transmissions

Non-linear amplification of a monochromatic VLF transmission in the magnetosphere produces an output fluctuating in amplitude and phase, and so is not monochromatic. This output can usually be resolved into two waves: one similar to the input, but stronger, and a higher frequency sideband or “embryo emission”. The established theory is outlined as far as it goes.     

The Magellan project

Magellan is one of the future space projects being studied by the European Space Agency. The aim is to provide high resolution (λ/Δλ ≥ 2.5 × 10⁴) spectra in the far and extreme UV (between 500 and 1550 Å) of faint galactic and extragalactic objects (V ≤ 16^m). The instrument consists of a mechanical collimator, a concave holographic grating and a bidimensional photon-counting detector. A low resolution mode (λ/Δλ ≥ 10³) will provide spectra of objects as faint as 18^m.5. Magellan is planned as an observatory, operated in real time, and allowing interaction with the observer.     

Impact linear polarization observed in a UV chromospheric line during a solar flare

Linear polarization was observed in the S I 1437Å line in bright flaring points during the soft X-ray emission. The degree of polarization is about 25% and is detected at a signal to noise ratio of 2.9. The polarized electric vector is directed towards disk center to within 3°.This polarization could be due to collisional excitationm of S I by energetic electrons beamed in the vertical direction. We suggest that the heat flux in the region interconnecting the transition zone to the high chromosphere during the gradual phase of a flare could lead to an anisotropic excitation. Then the observed polarization would be due to vertical motions of the transition zone sweeping the preexisting chromosphere.     

V-22 mechanical diagnostic design approach

The requirements and diagnostic applications for the V-22 tiltrotor aircraft are used to demonstrate the unique requirements of mechanical system diagnostic design. The rationale for the approach selected is explored, and it is shown how the mechanical system diagnostic requirements affect the avionics architecture and performance requirements. It is concluded that, in light of the underdeveloped nature of mechanical diagnostics technology and the extended time required for a given mechanical diagnostic design to mature, future avionics system designs need architecture that is adaptable enough to accommodate the evolving mechanical diagnostics     

Scaling of advanced power systems

Parts of a study conducted to examine state-of-the-art power systems applicable to future military spacecraft are summarized. The study focused on burst-mode megawatt-class CW power, such as might be applied to SDIO directed energy systems, but lower-power, continuous-duty subsystems were included in less detail. A set of simple mass and volume algorithms has been developed to approximate several prime systems, and these were incorporated into a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet. Among the power subsystems included in that study were primary batteries, alkaline primary fuel cells, and combustion turbogenerators. These systems, which are the most likely candidates for mobile battlefield power, are described     

Applications of aluminum-air batteries

Advances in aluminum-air batteries are described. These include alloys that show higher efficiencies and therefore lower hydrogen evolution, low-cost air cathodes that can be fabricated in production quantities, and methods for handling the aluminum hydroxide reaction product. Emphasis is placed on the advances in air cathodes. The application of this technology to new products and the implications for electric vehicles are discussed     

A target cueing and tracking system (TCATS) for smart videoprocessing

A smart system that uses state-of-the-art image processing techniques to detect and track targets moving in video or infrared imagery is presented. It is a general-purpose system that was developed to be independent of the application and the user interface. TCATS has successfully demonstrated a high detection capability and the ability to ignore exterior environmental conditions, such as cloud shadows moving through the scene, snow, blowing dust, rain and moderate camera motion. TCATS can handle many targets and retain the identity of each object from one frame to the next. Special rugged hardware has been developed to reduce the size, cost, and power consumption and to increase the processing rate, reliability, and environmental operating capability of the system. TCATS can be incorporated into an existing video assessment system without a major cost outlay intruder. The TCATS algorithms, custom-developed hardware, and preliminary field test results are described     

US Army Research Laboratory power sources R&D programs

The current status and thrust of the US Army Research Laboratory's battery and fuel cell R&D programs that support emerging electronic battlefield equipment applications are reviewed. Major technical barriers are identified along with the approaches proposed to solve these anticipated problems     

Compressive failure of composites,part I: Testing and micromechanical theories

When structures made of composite materials are designed to be used in load bearing applications, a primary consideration is the evaluation of their load carrying capacity in compression. To this end, a vast number of research investigations, whose main objective is linked to ascertaining the compressive strength of a composite structure has been carried out and/or is currently being performed. Apart from its practical significance, the complexity associated with the task of predicting compression strength is the main reason for the overt attention this problem is receiving. One such difficulty has been associated with testing. When laboratory tests are carried out to determine compression strength, structural instabilities dictated by the geometry of the structure may interfere with material strength dictated by the mechanical properties of the constituents and their alignment and geometry (needed to describe the microstructure of the material). In addition stress concentrations may occur at undesirable locations. In Part I, issues pertaining to compression testing and micromechanical failure theories are reviewed.