Estimate of accuracy of determining the orientation of the star sensor system according to the experimental data

The BOKZ-M60 star sensor (Unit for Measuring Star Coordinates) is intended for determining the parameters of the orientation of the axes of the intrinsic coordinate system relative to the axes of the inertial system by observations of the regions of the stellar sky. It is convenient to characterize an error of the single determination of the orientation of the intrinsic coordinate system of the sensor by the vector of an infinitesimal turn of this system relative to its found position. Full-scale ground-based tests have shown that, for a resting sensor the root-mean-square values of the components of this vector along the axes of the intrinsic coordinate system lying in the plane of the sensor CCD matrix are less than 2″ and the component along the axis perpendicular to the matrix plane is characterized by the root-mean-square value of 15″. The joint processing of one-stage readings of several sensors installed on the same platform allows us to improve the indicated accuracy characteristics. In this paper, estimates of the accuracy of systems from BOKZ-M60 with two and four sensors performed from measurements carried out during the normal operation of these sensors on the Resurs-P satellite are given. Processing the measurements of the sensor system allowed us to increase the accuracy of determining the each of their orientations and to study random and systematic errors in these measurements.     

Calculation and Study of Limited Orbits around the <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript> Libration Point of the Sun–Earth System

A procedure has been proposed for calculating limited orbits around the L₂ libration points of the Sun–Earth system. The motion of a spacecraft in the vicinity of the libration point has been considered a superposition of three components, i.e., decreasing (stable), increasing (unstable), and limited. The proposed procedure makes it possible to correct the state vector of the spacecraft so as to neutralize the unstable component of the motion. Using this procedure, the calculation of orbits around various types of libration points has been carried out and the dependence on the orbit type on the initial conditions has been studied.     

Integrated Studies of Electric Propulsion Engines during Flights in the Earth’s Ionosphere

Fifty years ago, on October 1, 1966, the first Yantar satellite laboratory with a gas plasma–ion electric propulsion was launched into orbit as part of the Yantar Soviet space program. In 1966–1971, the program launched a total of four laboratories with thrusters operating on argon, nitrogen, and air with jet velocities of 40, 120, and 140 km/s, respectively. These space experiments were the first to demonstrate the long-term stable operation of these thrusters, which exceed chemical rocket engines in specific impulse by an order of magnitude and provide effective jet charge compensation, under the conditions of a real flight at altitudes of 100–400 km. In this article, we have analyzed the potential modern applications of the scientific results obtained by the Yantar space program for the development of air-breathing electric propulsion that ensure the longterm operation of spacecraft in very low orbits.     

机械制造与设备的技术发展

阐述了机床、切削工具及计量技术的现状与发展 ;描述了对未来的展望。     

Na2O-CaO-SiO2系统玻璃陶瓷的晶化特征(英文)

制备了含TiO2晶种和不含晶种Na2O-CaO-SiO2系统玻璃陶瓷。以XRD研究了玻璃陶瓷的晶化行为和物相组成。通过EDS测定了TiO2在主晶相硅灰石和玻璃基质中的分布。以扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜对其显微结构进行了观察。研究表明,两种玻璃陶瓷样品均由硅灰石晶体和分布于晶体之间的玻璃基质构成。添加TiO2晶核剂的样品以体积晶化为主,硅灰石晶体细小,呈短柱状。硅灰石晶体中TiO2的含量明显大于玻璃基质,表明TiO2显然起到了引起体积晶化的作用。而在没有加入晶核剂的样品中,硅灰石晶体呈纤维状,以表面晶化为主,晶体定向排列明显,长径方向基本垂直于原始玻璃颗粒表面。     

芬兰,通往2010年世博会之路

世博会中的芬兰:建筑、设计和创造力芬兰一直是世界博览会积极的参与者。从第一届1851年伦敦世博会开始就已开始崭露头角,虽然当时作为俄国的一部分(芬兰     

A Method of Working Process Parameter Optimization of a Unified Engine Core and a Gas Turbine Engine Family Being Created on Its Basis

This paper describes a method for multicriteria optimization of parameters for both the engine core and engine family with modeling the engine operation as a part of aircraft system.     

一种改进的推进剂燃速预示方法

把Beckstead-Derr-Price(BDP)模式用于推进剂燃速计算，文中对燃速预测的某些改进使计算的结果更为合理。对单规格AP－HTPB推进剂，为计算方便起见与方中只采用了单一规格的平均粒度的AP，所预测的燃速值与文献[2]中的实验结果进行了比较，其间良好吻合。