痒

《结婚七年》(2003·法国)导演:迪迪埃·布尔东主演:凯瑟琳·弗洛,迪迪埃·布尔东故事梗概:故事发生在法国,阿蓝和奥德赫是一对结婚7年的夫妻,有一个小女儿。七年之痒在全世界仿佛都是一个通用的概念,而这对夫妻也同样过着不咸不淡的生活。之前他们觉得两个人的生活中存在着很多矛盾,直到有一天,阿蓝的一位性学专家朋友给他指点迷津,生活瞬间做了减法,事情也开始向另一个方向好转起来。     

Implications of an anthropic model of evolution for emergence of complex life and intelligence

Structurally complex life and intelligence evolved late on Earth; models for the evolution of global temperature suggest that, due to the increasing solar luminosity, the future life span of the (eukaryote) biosphere will be "only" about another billion years, a short time compared to the approximately 4 Ga since life began. A simple stochastic model (Carter, 1983) suggests that this timing might be governed by the necessity to pass a small number, n, of very difficult evolutionary steps, with n < 10 and a best guess of n = 4, in order for intelligent observers like ourselves to evolve. Here I extend the model analysis to derive probability distributions for each step. Past steps should tend to be evenly spaced through Earth's history, and this is consistent with identification of the steps with some of the major transitions in the evolution of life on Earth. A complementary approach, identifying the critical steps with major reorganizations in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, suggests that the Archean-Proterozoic and Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transitions might be identified with critical steps. The success of the model lends support to a "Rare Earth" hypothesis (Ward and Brownlee, 2000): structurally complex life is separated from prokaryotes by several very unlikely steps and, hence, will be much less common than prokaryotes. Intelligence is one further unlikely step, so it is much less common still.     

一代人的泰坦尼克

《泰坦尼克号》3D(2012)导演:詹姆斯·卡梅隆主演:凯特·温丝莱特,莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥故事梗概:1912年,美国白星航运公司建造了一艘被称为永不沉没的巨型邮轮——泰坦尼克号,但从英国港口南安普顿到纽约的处女航途中,便撞上冰山沉入海底成为了哗然一时的新闻。电影所讲述的一对爱情故事便发生在这艘船上,女主     

Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.     

The O/OREOS mission: first science data from the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) payload

We report the first telemetered spaceflight science results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, executed by one of the two 10?cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5?kg Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite. The O/OREOS spacecraft was launched successfully to a 72° inclination, 650?km Earth orbit on 19 November 2010. This satellite provides access to the radiation environment of space in relatively weak regions of Earth's protective magnetosphere as it passes close to the north and south magnetic poles; the total dose rate is about 15 times that in the orbit of the International Space Station. The SESLO experiment measures the long-term survival, germination, and growth responses, including metabolic activity, of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to the microgravity, ionizing radiation, and heavy-ion bombardment of its high-inclination orbit. Six microwells containing wild-type (168) and six more containing radiation-sensitive mutant (WN1087) strains of dried B. subtilis spores were rehydrated with nutrient medium after 14 days in space to allow the spores to germinate and grow. Similarly, the same distribution of organisms in a different set of microwells was rehydrated with nutrient medium after 97 days in space. The nutrient medium included the redox dye Alamar blue, which changes color in response to cellular metabolic activity. Three-color transmitted intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each of the 48?h growth experiments. We report here on the evaluation and interpretation of these spaceflight data in comparison to delayed-synchronous laboratory ground control experiments.     

拉尔夫的中年危机

《无敌破坏王》导演:瑞奇·摩尔配音:简·林奇,约翰·C·赖利故事梗概:每一款电玩游戏都是一个有生命存在的世界,善恶角色在其中不过是一份份日常的工作而已。在做了30年的坏人之后,《无敌破坏王》里的大反派拉尔夫终于无法忍受再做坏人的生活了。他希望自己能够赢得一块奖牌,凭此打入好人世界。这一思想上的变化引来了之后一系列的大麻烦,虽然差一点就造成了很多大规模"伤亡"。但拉尔夫最终还是逆转了结局,拯救了别人,更拯救了自己。     

是不是如果真的不结婚就会分手了

《五年之约》导演:尼古拉斯·斯托勒主演:杰森·西格尔、艾米丽·布朗特故事梗概:汤姆和维莱特是一对相恋已久的恋人,有各自稳定的工作和热闹的大家庭。终于在极其普通的一天,汤姆向维莱特求婚了,而维莱特也答应了他。按照正常情况推断,本应该是好事将近,但一切都因维莱特接到了一个异地大学的工作机会而改变。汤姆决定辞去自己热门餐厅主厨的职位,随未婚妻迁徙异地工作和生活,但他们之间的关系也随着婚期一拖再拖而产生隔阂,最终这对愿为爱情而奔波的情侣是否真的终成眷属了呢?     

激光多普勒测速仪在弯管中的折射修正

介绍2种在应用双光束激光多普勒测速仪测量弯管内流速时,修正测量体位置和光束之间夹角的计算方法。一种是Snell折射定律的简化近似法,而另一种是精确的光线追踪法。针对弯管实例,将这2种方法所得的结果相比较,可看出近似法的不足是对三维折射的修正不够充分,然而与在直管中折射效应的测量结果相比较,证明这2种修正方法均是可行的。