基于HITRAN数据库的大气激光雷达信号仿真

信号仿真研究是大气激光雷达研究的重要环节,结果可为激光雷达系统的设计和研制提供基础.本文仿真系统可用于激光雷达回波信号模拟.该仿真系统利用HITRAN数据库中的吸收谱线计算大气分子对激光的吸收光谱,并采用大气辐射传输模型中的气溶胶模式模拟气溶胶对激光的衰减.利用激光雷达方程,数值模拟了355nm,532nm以及1064nm的回波信号,并将532nm的数值模拟结果与实测结果进行对比,评估了激光雷达系统的光学效率.     

实时显示生成器

实时显示生成器(RTDB)是一种生成逻辑驱动显示的交互式图形工具样机。这些显示反映了当前系统状态,实时完成故障检测算法,采纳老练飞控人员的操作知识。该RTDB采用面向目标的方法,将基本操作逻辑和显示符号结合起来。要生成显示时,用户利用这种方法可规定屏幕布局和驱动逻辑。RTDB正在UNLX下用C语言开发,利用了MASSCOMP图形环境,作了适当的功能划分,以便于移植到其它图形环境。RTDB是为用户化实时数据驱动的航天飞机系统显示而开发的。使用该工具初始功能度的显示在STS—26发现者号轨道运行阶段投入了实用。目前正在NASA/JSC任务操作部开发的实时数据系统工程准备利用RTDB产生几种显示。本文介绍了这种工具的特点、目前的发展状况及其应用。     

有关近赤道卫星圆轨道初始节点位置的一些有价值的分析结果

本文利用基于李氏变换的摄动理论,求得了近赤道卫星圆轨道倾角和升交点赤径的二阶长周期解。这种解包含了地球扁率与月—日摄动的平均效应。然后给出了对任务分析有用的三种算法。第一种算法求得了导致倾角减小至零的初始节点位置,以及达到零倾角所对应的时间;第二种算法确定了在给定的时间间隔内,使轨道倾角保持在规定值范围内的初始节点所在区域;第三种算法确定了在不采用任何机动控制的情况下,使卫星保持在规定倾角容差之内的时间最长的初始节点位置,并求出与之对应的最长时间。对于24小时近赤道卫星圆轨道,本文给出了第一和第三种算法的结果,并以简单的闭合形式给出。     

靶场标准化及自动化计划第二阶段

一、靶场背景 美国主要的航天发射场,包括东靶场(位于弗罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角)和西靶场(位于加利福尼亚州范登堡空军基地)起源于50年代,在随后的几十年内进行了逐步扩展和改进。直到前不久移交给空军空间司令部时,这些靶场才更多地用作研究和开发单位,而不只是操作运行单位。逐步改造使它们具备了支持发射新型航天器、弹道导弹以及逐步发展起来的     

The origin and early evolution of membrane channels

The origin and early evolution of ion channels are considered from the point of view that the transmembrane segments of membrane proteins are structurally quite simple and do not require specific sequences to fold. We argue that the transport of solute species, especially ions, required an early evolution of efficient transport mechanisms, and that the emergence of simple ion channels was protobiologically plausible. We also argue that, despite their simple structure, such channels could possess properties that, at the first sight, appear to require markedly greater complexity. These properties can be subtly modulated by local modifications to the sequence rather than global changes in molecular architecture. In order to address the evolution and development of ion channels, we focus on identifying those protein domains that are commonly associated with ion channel proteins and are conserved throughout the three main domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea). We discuss the potassium-sodium-calcium superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels, mechanosensitive channels, porins, and ABC-transporters and argue that these families of membrane channels have sufficiently universal architectures that they can readily adapt to the diverse functional demands arising during evolution.     

The dynamics of blood biochemical parameters in cosmonauts during long-term space flights

Most of the previously obtained data on cosmonauts' metabolic state concerned certain stages of the postflight period. In this connection, all conclusions, as to metabolism peculiarities during the space flight, were to a large extent probabilistic. The purpose of this work was study of metabolism characteristics in cosmonauts directly during long-term space flights. In the capillary blood samples taken from a finger, by "Reflotron IV" biochemical analyzer, "Boehringer Mannheim" GmbH, Germany, adapted to weightlessness environments, the activity of GOT, GPT, CK, gamma-GT, total and pancreatic amylase, as well as concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total, HDL- and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides had been determined. HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio also was computed. The crewmembers of 6 main missions to the "Mir" orbital station, a total of 17 cosmonauts, were examined. Biochemical tests were carried out 30-60 days before launch, and in the flights different stages between the 25-th and the 423-rd days of flights. In cosmonauts during space flight had been found tendency to increase, in compare with basal level, GOT, GPT, total amylase activity, glucose and total cholesterol concentration, and tendency to decrease of CK activity, hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and HDL/LDL - cholesterol ratio. Some definite trends in variations of other determined biochemical parameters had not been found. The same trends of mentioned biochemical parameters alterations observed in majority of tested cosmonauts, allows to suppose existence of connection between noted metabolic alterations with influence of space flight conditions upon cosmonaut's body. Variations of other studied blood biochemical parameters depends on, probably, pure individual causes.     

用实际雷达跟踪环境对各种多目标航迹起始技术的评价比较

作者分析了实际雷达多目标跟踪环境中各种航迹起始技术的性能，把航迹起始问题看成一个检测问题，以接收机的工作特性（ＲＯＣ）作为性能评比的标准，对启发式规则方法、基于逻辑的方法、Ｈｏｕｇｈ变换法（ＨＴ）和改进ＨＴ法等四种航迹起始技术进行了比较评价。这四种航迹起始法可以分为两大类别，前两种方法属于顺序处理技术，后两种属于批处理技术。文中收集了军民用飞机在各种状况下的雷达跟踪数据。为了了解以上航迹起始技术的     

Evaluation of theories of complex movement planning in different levels of gravity

Due to high redundancy of degrees of freedom in the human body, we can perform any movement, from the simplest to the most complex, in many different ways. Several studies are still trying to identify the motor strategies that master this redundancy and generate the movements whose characteristics are highly stereotyped. The aim of this work is to build a simulator that is able to evaluate different motor planning hypotheses. The most interesting applications of this tool occur in studies of the motor strategy in microgravity conditions. The comparison between simulated movements and kinematics data recorded both on Earth, and during a 5-month mission on board the Mir station shows that for a complex whole-body movement (such as trunk bending) a single planning criterion cannot explain all movement aspects. However, the simulator allows an understanding of the motor planning adaptation of astronauts. In space, the lack of equilibrium constraint (which on Earth brings about the center of mass control) leads to a new motor strategy that minimizes dynamic interactions with the floor.