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901.
A. I. Golovanov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(3):243-249
The constitutive relations and plastic flow rule are derived from the thermodynamics equations. The known procedures of determining
the plastic strain rate value are described. A calculation algorithm is presented that is based on the incremental loading,
linearization of the virtual power equation and the projection method. A numerical example is presented. 相似文献
902.
In this paper, the results of an experimental study concerning average heat transfer in an annular channel with flow swirling
by an endless screw and spherical grooves on the convex surface are presented. Also analyzed is the heat and hydraulic efficiency
of grooves application under conditions being considered. 相似文献
903.
904.
905.
Ch. I. Chaban R. T. Ripetskyj E. L. Kordyum N. A. Kit 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,23(12):2011-2016
Under gravistimulation, dark-grown protonemata of Pottia intermedia revealed negative gravitropism with a growth rate of approximately 28 μm·h−1 at room temperature (20 °C). In 7 days, the protonema formed a bundle of vertically oriented filaments. At an elevated temperature (30 °C), bundles of vertically growing filaments were also formed. However, both filament growth rate and amplitude of the gravicurvature were reduced. Red light (RL) irradiation induced a positive phototropism of most apical protonemal cells at 20 °C. In a following period of darkness, approximately two-thirds of such cells began to grow upward again, recovering their negative gravitropism. RL irradiation at the elevated temperature caused a partial increase in the number of protonemal cells with negative phototropism, but the protonemata did not exhibit negative gravitropism after transfer to darkness. The negative gravitropic reaction was renewed only when protonemata were placed at 20 °C. A dramatic decrease in starch amount in protonemal apical cells, which are sensitive to both gravity and light, occurred at the higher temperature. Such a decrease may be one of the reasons for the inhibition of the protonemal gravireaction at the higher temperature. The observation has a bearing on the starch-statolith theory. 相似文献
906.
A technique is presented which simplifies the analysis of sampled-data control systems. The use of a finite-term approximation to the Poisson summation rule, in conjunction with digital computer evaluation, is presented as a good alternative to use of the Z transform whenever frequency-domain analysis is required. The Poisson summation rule is reviewed and its application to sampled-data system analysis is discussed. The form of the computer program used in the analysis is presented, along with a design criterion to evaluate the accuracy of the technique. A detailed example of a typical application is presented. 相似文献
907.
A. Peraiah 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(3-4):465-538
We have reviewed the principle of invariance, its applications and its usefulness for obtaining the radiation field in semi-infinite
and finite atmospheres. Various laws of scattering in dispersive media and the consequent radiation field are studied. The
H-functions and X- and Y-functions in semi-infinite and finite media respectively are derived in a few cases. The Discrete
Space Theory (DST) which is a general form of the Principle of Invariance is described. The method of addition of layers with
general properties, is shown to describe all the properties of multiple scattering. A few examples of the application of DST
such as polarization, line formation in expanding stellar atmospheres, etc., and a numerical analysis of DST are presented.
Other developments in the theory of radiative transfer are briefly described.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
908.
S M Kochubey O I Volovik L V Porubleva V V Shevchenko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1998,21(8-9):1127-1130
The photosynthetic membrane composition and low temperature fluorescence spectra were analyzed for pea chloroplasts from control and clinostated plants. Clinorotation induces a decrease in the amount of the oligomeric form of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex (LHCII) and an increase of its monomeric form. Some changes in organization of photosystem 1 (PS1) complex were revealed as well. These changes are in accordance with the variations of fluorescence characteristics and photochemical activity. 相似文献
909.
The performances of the importance sampling (IS) techniques are improved by using multiparametric distortions of the input random processes. The analysis of different constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) algorithms confirms the usefulness of this method. The potential of this new approach is fully exploited if optimization techniques are used to obtain the optimum distortions and to avoid bias in the estimates 相似文献
910.
T. A. Blix 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(12):1645-1654
A number of campaigns have been conducted in order to study Polar Mesosphere Summer Echos (PMSE) and Noctilucent Clouds (NLC) in the period 1991–1994. Several sounding rockets have been launched through these layers with measurements being performed on upleg as well as downleg. These include measurements of positive ions and electrons in both ram and wake positions, as well as measurements of charged aerosols in ram on upleg. In this paper we will review these measurements and make a preliminary classification of the data based upon the presence of PMSE and/or NLC. One of the mechanisms responsible for PMSE is the presence of neutral air turbulence in combination with a high Schmidt number. We will briefly discuss this type of echo using in situ rocket data. Differences and similarities of PMSE and NLC as observed both in the Arctic and the Antarctic will be discussed. Observations show that especially PMSE are much more frequent in the Arctic. This may be due to a difference in the water vapour content or the temperature at mesopause heights. Lack of data in the Antarctic makes it difficult to decide which of these two factors are the most important. More measurements, especially co-ordinated in situ and ground-based lidar and radar measurements, are needed to discuss the Arctic and Antarctic similarities and differences in further detail. 相似文献