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841.
The Mars Global Surveyor mission has revealed that localized crustal paleomagnetic anomalies are a common feature of the Southern Hemisphere of Mars. The magnetometer measured small-scale magnetic fields associated with many individual magnetic anomalies have magnitudes ranging from hundreds to thousands nT at altitude above 120 km. That makes Mars globally different from both Venus and Earth. The data collected by Lunar Prospector near the Moon were interpreted as evidence that above regions of inferred strong surface magnetic fields on the Moon the SW flow is deflected, and a small-scale mini-magnetosphere exists under some circumstances. With a factor of 100 stronger magnetic fields at Mars and a lower SW dynamic pressure, those conditions offer the opportunity for a larger size of small `magnetospheres' which can be formed by the crustal magnetic fields. Outside the regions of the magnetic anomalies, the SW/Mars interaction is Venus-like. Thus, at Mars the distinguishing feature of the magnetic field pile-up boundary most likely varies from Venus-like to Earth-like above the crustal magnetic field regions. The observational data regarding the IMF pile-up regions near Venus and the Earth are initially reviewed. As long as the SW/Mars interaction remains like that at Venus, the IMF penetrates deep into the Martian ionosphere under the `overpressure' conditions. Results of numerical simulations and theoretical expectations regarding the temporal evolution of the IMF inside the Venus ionosphere and appearance of superthermal electrons are also reviewed and assessed. 相似文献
842.
The results of a preliminary analysis of microperturbations on the International Space Station during physical exercises of the crew are presented. The goal of this paper is to identify the parameters of perturbations
when physical exercises are performed. The results of measurements by sensors of microaccelerations of both Russian and American
segments during physical exercises in the service module of the Russian segment are analyzed. 相似文献
843.
The paper describes the first results of all-sky polarization measurements of the twilight background started in central Russia in the very beginning of summer 2011. Time-frequency data of the sky intensity and polarization over a wide range of sky point zenith distances are used to separate single and multiple scattering and construct the altitude dependence of the scattering coefficient and polarization in the mesosphere (altitudes from 60 to 90 km) at different angles. The undisturbed structure of the mesosphere without noticeable aerosol stratification on observation days makes it possible to estimate the temperature of the atmosphere at these altitudes. 相似文献
844.
The remote sensing of comets in the ultraviolet bandpass has been a valuable tool for studying the structure, composition,
variability, and physical processes at work in cometary comae. By extension, these studies of comae have revealed key insights
into the composition of cometary nuclei. Here we briefly review the ultraviolet studies of comets, and then take a look toward
the future of such work as anticipated by the advent of several key new instruments.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
845.
A method is substantiated to ensure energy security for the satellite communication systems (SCS) at a close position of the
radio interception receiver. This is done by lowering the carrier frequency down to f
0 = 60…80 MHz and by applying spaced measurements with n ≥ 4 receiving antennas. 相似文献
846.
A. V. Tavrov O. I. Korablev A. V. Rodin I. I. Vinogradov A. Yu. Trokhimovsky A. Yu. Ivanov L. V. Ksanfomaliti D. A. Orlov 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):99-109
In order to observe exoplanets we propose a space-based achromatic stellar coronagraph combined with a 0.8–1.5 m telescope.
We develop an achromatic common path interferometer for observing an exoplanet (a faint off-axis source) on the background
of a hoste star (bright axial source). An image of the star and its copy acquire an achromatic phase shift by 180° and interfere
in antiphase. The achromatic phase shift is caused by geometric phase in the scheme of a three-dimensional interferometer.
The interference process divides spatially the dark and light fields of the star image redirecting them to the opposite sides
of a beam splitter. The interference process does not weaken the image of a planet, with equal intensities it is redirected
to both sides of a beam splitter. The suggested scheme of common path interferometer ensures mechanical stability. The background
signal is experimentally demonstrated to be reduced by six orders of magnitude. 相似文献
847.
Jean A. Kéchichian 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(11-12):1914-1930
An efficient self-contained trajectory optimization software is generated by making use of de Pontécoulant's analytic lunar theory removing the need for an outside third body ephemeris program to compute the lunar and solar position vectors at each integration step. The accelerations being further resolved along the rotating Euler–Hill frame after expansion to third order in the spacecraft radial distance, the adjoint differential equations are derived in a direct manner complementing the generation of the dynamic system of equations for full compatibility. Because the variation of parameters equations are cast in terms of the nonsingular equinoctial elements with the perturbation accelerations resolved in their analytic form along the rotating axes, the adjoint equations are also derived in the same manner providing a highly efficient and accurate system of equations for rapid computations in conjunction with Aerospace Corporation's NLP2 nonlinear programming codes to search for the initial values of the multipliers that steer the spacecraft towards its target orbit in minimum time. Numerical simulations show that the solutions obtained by the analysis developed in this paper are essentially identical to the more indirect approach based on the use of inertial accelerations obtained from a separate ephemeris generator and subsequent conversions to the thrust frame and equinoctial system. 相似文献
848.
I. A. Galiullin 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):175-178
The constraints imposed on parameters of a force field and of a symmetrical gyrostat in it are determined, at which regular
precession of this gyrostat demonstrate Lyapunov stability (or, respectively, instability). 相似文献
849.
Future space exploration may involve communications between spacecraft moving at relativistic velocities. One of the significant problems associated with such communication is spectral distortion of signals which are propagated between relativistic frames. This distortion is generated by both changing propagation distances and purely relativistic electromagnetic field transformations. In this paper a linear integral transformation is formulated for relating the Fourier spectra of the source antenna excitation current and the resulting incident electric field at the receiving antenna. The kernel of the transformation is evaluated for the case of a steerable source antenna tracking on the advanced receiver position. The transformation is then applied to the case of an ideal thin-wire half-wave dipole source antenna excited by a narrowband, double-sideband modulated current. The specific distortions of spectral spreading and translation are then related to increased bandwidth and upper cutoff frequency requirements of receiving systems in relativistic applications. 相似文献
850.
PhilRuffle 《中国民用航空》1999,(4):53-57
TheFutureofAircraftPropulsion编者按PhilRuffle(罗富)先生现任罗·罗公司工程技术董事,负责公司所有的技术工作。自1961年加入公司开始就从练习生做起,以后曾担任和主持了一系列工作,在发动机制造领域具有丰富的经验。目前,他是英国皇家工程院、皇家宇航学会以及机械工程师研究院院士。最近,他又被北京航空航天大学授予名誉教授。本文是罗富先生在3月23日举行的“罗·罗/宝马一罗·罗/中航总技术研讨会上作的一篇报告。此文以罗·罗公司生产的发动机为例,对目前民用发动机技术进行了详细的分析,并对该技术今后的发展趋势作… 相似文献