Balloon altitude studies of southern hemisphere hard X-ray sources by the Imperial College-University of Tasmania-INPE collaboration

Hard X-ray balloon altitude measurements with a 1600 cm² phoswich array are described. Data from observations on Sco X-1, GX1+4, GX5−1, Nova Oph. 1977, SMC X-1, SS433, IC 4329A and MR 2251-178 are presented. The role of Comptonisation in X-ray production for Sco X-1 and GX1+4 is discussed.     

The 2.5 to 5 microns spectrum of comet Halley from the IKS instrument of Vega

Results of the 2.5–5 micron spectroscopic channel of the IKS instrument on Vega are reported and the data reduction process is described. H₂O and CO₂ molecules have been detected with production rates of 10³⁰ s⁻¹ and 1.5 10²⁸ s⁻¹ respectively. Emission features between 3.3 and 3.7 microns are tentatively attributed to CH - bearing compounds - CO is marginally detected with a mixing ratio CO/H₂O 0.2. OH emission and H₂O - ice absorption might also be present in the spectra.     

Exobiology and future Mars missions: The search for Mars'' earliest biosphere

The primordial Mars may have possessed a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere, with liquid water common on the surface, similar in many ways to the primordial Earth. During this epoch, billions of years ago, the surface of Mars could have been conducive to the origin of life. It is possible that life evolved on Mars to be later eliminated as the atmospheric pressure dropped. Analysis of the surface of Mars for the traces of this early martian biota could provide many insights into the phenomenon of life and its coupling to planetary evolution.     

Spherical accretion of massive black holes: A model for galactic nuclei

The possibility of explaining the continuous emission of active galactic nuclei in the frame of a model of spherical accretion onto a massive black hole is discussed. Cool inhomogeneities (T 10⁴°K) within the accretion flow could be responsible for the broad line emission if half of the accreting matter is in the dense phase. A crucial test of this hypothesis is the expected correlation between the ratio of the luminosity in lines to the total luminosity and the hardness of the continuous spectrum.     

工件表面轮廓均方根斜率的光散射测量

描述并确定具有明显纹理粗糙表面均方根斜率的光散射技术(均方根斜率是联合表面轮廓高度和波长特性的混合参数)。称为散射光锥法(The scattered light-conemethod)的该技术是基于激光角散射检测阵列(DALLAS——Defector Array for Laser LishtAngular Scattering),它用于测量粗糙表面散射光角分布的仪器。均方根斜率是从DALLAS光散射图象的角宽得到的。一般可以发现角宽(即估计的均方根斜率)对光的入射角和散射角变化相当大时是不敏感的。这些结果与表面材料无关,并且对正弦和随机粗糙表面都是有效的。介绍了散射光锥法的测量原理、实验、数据分析和几点结论。     

SIGMA observations of hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray emission from X-ray binaries

After more than two years of operation, the imaging γ-ray SIGMA telescope has accumulated several days of observation toward well known X-ray binaries. Four bright sources falling in this category have been detected so far: The pulsar GX 1+4 near the center of our galaxy, the stellar wind accreting system 4U 1700-377, and the black hole candidates Cygnus X-1 and GX 339-4. Moreover, SIGMA have observed three transients sources, which turned out to be also hard X-ray sources : The burster KS 1731-260, Tra X-1, and the Musca Nova. The properties of these systems in the SIGMA domain will be reviewed and a spectral distinction between black holes and neutron stars will be sketched.     

基于磨粒分析方法的发动机磨损故障智能诊断技术

磨粒是研究磨损状态时最直接、最重要的信息元，通过对滑油中的磨粒进行监测与分析来判断机械设备的磨损情况，可以预防并监测机械设备的磨损故障。本文运用显微形态学方法建立了一套磨粒显微特征描述体系，以提取磨粒信息并进行磨损故障的模式识别；并结合摩擦学理论和人工智能方法，实现对发动机磨损故障的智能诊断和预测。     

含连续／离散变量结构优化中的神经网络与变尺度模拟退火方法

传统的优化方法难于有效地处理含有连续／离散混合变量优化问题，本文介绍了一种改进的变尺度模拟退火方法并与人工神经网络能量函数模型相结合，用于求解含连续／离散设计变量的工程结构优化问题，较好地解决了模拟退火技术用于工程结构优化时选取具有全局性的初始点困难及迭代次数较多的弱点。算例表明，该方法可以使模拟退火算法从局部最优的陷阱中跳出，最后求出整体最优解。     

一种新的射频仿真目标位置控制方法与软件研究

针对射频目标仿真系统中目标位置的控制，本文通过对国内外目标位置控制的常用方法进行研究，提出一种新的通用目标位置控制方法，该方法适用于任何天线分布的面阵。利用这种新的方法编写了基于三元阵天线阵面的射频仿真目标位置控制软件，实现对多目标在天线阵面上多种轨迹运动下的高速准确的定位，并能实时监视目标的运动状态和运动轨迹。     

惩罚函数法在发动机性能计算中的应用

按照涡喷发动机工作时遵守的气动热力学定律，建立了发动机的稳定数学模型，并针对双轴涡轮发动机性能计算的非线性数学模型，利用优化和最优控制理论中的惩罚函数法，对发动机性能进行了基于约束的最优求解程序设计，利用程序对某型发动机的稳定飞行特性进行了计算，计算结果表明，使用惩罚函数法求出的特性曲线变化规律正确，发动机平衡方程的解的精度更高，在此基础上得出的发动机飞行特性也更准确。另外惩罚函数法对初值的要求很低，迭代运算不易发散。